Effect of Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments Spectacle Lens Wear on Visual Function in Myopic Chinese Children

Abstract

Purpose To compare visual function of myopic children who had worn either defocus incorporated multiple segment (DIMS) spectacle lenses or single vision (SV) spectacle lenses over two years. Methods We included 160 Chinese myopic (−1 diopter [D] to −5 D) children aged 8 to 13 years in a randomized clinical trial; they wore either DIMS lenses (DIMS; n = 79) or regular SV spectacles lenses ( n = 81) full time for 2 years. Visual function, including high-contrast visual acuity (VA) and low-contrast VA at distance and near, binocular functions, and accommodation, before, during, and after 2 years of spectacle wear were assessed when both groups wore SV corrections. Changes of visual function between the two groups and within groups were compared. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the 2-year visual function changes between DIMS and SV groups (repeated measures analysis of variance with group as factor; P > 0.05). Statistically significant improvement in the best-corrected distance high-contrast VA ( P < 0.001) and stereoacuity score ( P < 0.001) were found after DIMS lens wear over 2 years. Similar findings were observed after SV spectacle lens wear. For both the DIMS and SV groups, there were statistically significant decreases in accommodative lag, monocular and binocular amplitude of accommodation after two years ( P < 0.01), but not in the changes in distance low-contrast VA, near high-contrast VA, near low-contrast VA, or phoria. Conclusions Although changes in some visual function were shown during 2 years of DIMS lens wear, similar changes were found with SV lens wear. Wear of DIMS spectacle lenses for 2 years does not adversely affect major visual function when children return to SV corrections. Translational Relevance DIMS spectacle lenses did not cause any adverse effects on visual function.

Lenses and Spectacles to Prevent Myopia Worsening in Children

“…10,11 It is estimated that by 2050 half of the world's population will have myopia. 1,12 It is important that progression of myopia is controlled to reduce the incidence of other detrimental eye conditions later on. Treatment options for controlling myopia include optical interventions (a variety of lenses) as well as pharmaceutical interventions (such as atropine and timolol drops).…”

“…8 The DIMS spectacle lens comprises a hexagonal central zone of distance refractive correction surrounded by an annular defocus zone with dense microlens segments of 3.5 D added. 12 The OK lenses are specially designed and fitted contact lenses to temporarily reshape the cornea to improve vision. Most OK lenses are worn at night to reshape the front surface of the eye while the wearer is sleeping.…”

“…Of these potentially relevant articles, 25 publications were excluded for various reasons, and 16 publications met the inclusion criteria and were included in this report. These comprised 1 overview 13 of systematic reviews, 4 systematic reviews, 1,10,11,18 and 7 RCTs, [6][7][8][9]12,[19][20][21][22][23][24] of which 1 RCT was reported in 4 publications 8,19,20,24 and 1 RCT was reported in 2 publications. 12,21 No relevant economic evaluations were identified.…”

“…One overview 13 of systematic reviews, 4 systematic reviews 1,10,11,18 and 7 RCTs, [6][7][8][9]12,[19][20][21][22][23][24] were identified. The overview 13 and 1 systematic review 1 had broader inclusion criteria than the current report and investigated optical as well as pharmaceutical interventions; therefore, only the subset of interventions relevant for this current report is presented here.…”

“…Of the 7 RCTs, 1 RCT had relevant information reported in 4 publications 8,19,20,24 and 1 RCT had relevant information reported in 2 publications. 12,21 Additional details regarding the characteristics of included publications are provided in Appendix 2 (Table 2 and Table 3).…”