Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on the Carbide Precipitation and Tribological Behavior of D2 Steel

Machinability Evaluation of Cryogenically Tempered Die Steel in Electric Discharge Drilling

“…Hence, it can be concluded that both cryogenically tempered electrode and workpiece has their respective role to play in enhancing the MRR and their coupled effect results in additional improvement in MRR. The fact that cryogenic tempering of AISI D2 steel increases its hardness is very well documented in published research [11,12,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. In present study also, the average hardness value of cryogenically tempered AISI D2 steel was checked and found out to be 63HRC which is 3HRC (5%) more than the untempered sample.…”

Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Tool Steels.

“…Figure 13. TEM micrographs of M-2 steel (a) and (b) Representative regions from the same untreated sample (c) Cryotreated sample 18 In the series of experiment 22,23,24 significant precipitation of secondary carbides was observed. As in most studies of cryogenic treatments on tool steels mechanical properties have improved figure 14 shows the SEM micrographs of various cryotretment, In cryogenic treatment holding time has a significant effect on wear resistance properties.…”

Evaluation of wear performance of cryogenically treated Vanadis 4 Extra tool steel

“…The presence of numerous ultrafine carbides in cryo-treated steels assists in attaining the micro-stress distribution of the material in a way that results in favorable crack growth resis- tance of the material. This, in turn, leads to higher wear resistance [12].…”

“…SEM images of typically worn surfaces generated during wear tests of CHT, DCT (1,12, and 24 h) tempered at 175 (Figs. 8 and 9) shows that the predominant wear mechanism is delamination.…”

“…Das et al [12] examined the influence of cryogenic treatment (-196 • C) in between quenching and tempering on carbide precipitation and the tribological behavior of commercial AISI D2 steel. Experimental results showed that the cryogenic treatment of D2 steel markedly reduces the amount of retained austenite and makes significant changes in the precipitation behavior of secondary carbides and the formation of refined secondary carbides, increases their volume fraction and leads to a more uniform distribution of the carbides than those in conventionally heattreated D2 steel.…”