Effect of Deep Brain Stimulation Frequency on Gait Symmetry, Smoothness and Variability using IMU

Panero, Elisa; Digo, Elisa; Dimanico, Ugo; Artusi, Carlo Alberto; Zibetti, Maurizio; Gastaldi, Laura

doi:10.1109/memea52024.2021.9478602

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Furthermore, an elderly population of healthy individuals may constitute a valid ''control'' group, age-matched with respect to patients showing altered locomotion patterns. 26 To the best of the authors' knowledge, no previous studies have estimated a large number of STPs by investigating and comparing the suitability of IMU set-ups and algorithms on healthy elderly populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of IMU set-ups for the estimation of gait spatio-temporal parameters in an elderly population

Digo

Panero

Agostini

et al. 2022

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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The increasing average age emphasizes the importance of gait analysis in elderly populations. Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) represent a suitable wearable technology for the characterization of gait by estimating spatio-temporal parameters (STPs). However, the location of inertial sensors on the human body and the associated algorithms for the estimation of gait STPs play a fundamental role and are still open challenges. Accordingly, the aim of this work was to compare three IMUs set-ups (trunk, shanks, and ankles) and correspondent algorithms to a gold standard optoelectronic system for the estimation of gait STPs in a healthy elderly population. In total, 14 healthy elderly subjects walked barefoot at three different speeds. Gait parameters were assessed for each IMUs set-up and compared to those estimated with the gold standard. A statistical analysis based on Pearson correlation, Root Mean Square Error and Bland Altman plots was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of IMUs. Even though all tested set-ups produced accurate results, the IMU on the trunk performed better in terms of correlation ( R ≥ 0.8), RMSE (0.01–0.06 s for temporal parameters, 0.03–0.04 for the limp index), and level of agreement (−0.01 s ≤ mean error ≤ 0.01 s, −0.02 s ≤ standard deviation error ≤ 0.02 s), also allowing simpler preparation of subjects and minor encumbrance during gait. From the promising results, a similar experiment might be conducted in pathological populations in the attempt to verify the accuracy of IMUs set-ups and algorithms also in non-physiological patterns.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of IMU set-ups for the estimation of gait spatio-temporal parameters in an elderly population

Digo

Panero

Agostini

et al. 2022

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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“…The smoothness was evaluated according to the three metrics LDLJ [29], SPARC [13] and HR [30][31][32] on linear accelerations in the three directions (Acc-AP, Acc-ML and Acc-V) and on the angular velocities (Gyr-AP, Gyr-ML and Gyr-V).…”

Section: Smoothness Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Gait Smoothness Metrics in Healthy Elderly and Young People

Antonelli,

Caselli,

Gastaldi

2024

Applied Sciences

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The goal of this study is to compare gait smoothness using different metrics. Methodologically, harmonic ratio (HR), spectral arc length (SPARC) and log dimensionless jerk (LDLJ) metrics were applied to acceleration and angular velocity data collected during gait using a wearable inertial sensor placed on the trunk. Sixteen healthy elderly (68.3 ± 4.4 years) and sixteen young (22.6 ± 1.1 years) participants volunteered for the analysis. They were requested to walk at self-selected normal and fast velocities. The results obtained with the three metrics showed variations in smoothness within and between groups. Notably, the older group exhibited contradictory smoothness trends compared to prior studies, presenting a smoother gait than the younger cohort, except for specific directional accelerations. Contradictory outcomes arose between metrics, challenging the influence of age on gait smoothness. Despite concerns about LDLJ’s susceptibility to disturbances, it emerged as the most robust metric. Conversely, HR exhibited alignment with the existing literature on specific acceleration directions. The differences observed in gait smoothness between the two age groups while walking at different speeds suggest that pace might affect smoothness evaluation. The study posits that aging may have a less pronounced impact on gait smoothness compared to cognitive impairment, implying potential clinical utility in discerning age-related gait changes. These findings highlighted the importance of a comprehensive approach to estimating gait smoothness, integrating different metrics and considering several walking speeds, crucial for understanding age-related gait alterations and their clinical implications.

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“…During the last few decades, several innovative technologies have been proposed and adopted for the biomechanical assessment and monitoring of human movement disorders in different clinical fields [15][16][17]. Among these technologies, wearable inertial devices have gained prominence in recent years [18][19][20]. Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) are portable, easy to use, low-cost systems that allow continuous monitoring of human movements during outdoor and daily activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Inertial Devices in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Scoping Review

et al. 2023

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In clinical practice and research, innovative digital technologies have been proposed for the characterization of neuromuscular and movement disorders through objective measures. Among these, wearable devices prove to be a suitable solution for tele-monitoring, tele-rehabilitation, and daily activities monitoring. Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) are low-cost, compact, and easy-to-use wearable devices that evaluate kinematics during different movements. Kinematic variables could support the clinical evaluation of the progression of some neuromuscular diseases and could be used as outcome measures. The current review describes the use of IMUs for the biomechanical assessment of meaningful outcome measures in individuals affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The PRISMA methodology was used and the search was conducted in different databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed). A total of 23 articles were examined and classified according to year of publication, ambulatory/non-ambulatory subjects, and IMU positioning on human body. The analysis points out the recent regulatory identification of Stride Velocity 95th Centile as a new endpoint in therapeutic DMD trials when measured continuously from a wearable device, while only a few studies proposed the use of IMUs in non-ambulatory patients. Clinical recognition of reliable and accurate outcome measures for the upper body is still a challenge.

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Effect of Deep Brain Stimulation Frequency on Gait Symmetry, Smoothness and Variability using IMU

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Comparison of IMU set-ups for the estimation of gait spatio-temporal parameters in an elderly population

Comparison of IMU set-ups for the estimation of gait spatio-temporal parameters in an elderly population

Comparison of Gait Smoothness Metrics in Healthy Elderly and Young People

Wearable Inertial Devices in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Scoping Review

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