Effect of Decision-to-Delivery Time of Emergency Cesarean Section on Adverse Newborn Outcomes at East Gojjam Zone Public Hospital, Ethiopia, March 2023: Multicenter Prospective Observational Study Design

Abstract

Background An emergency cesarean section requires prompt delivery to reduce the risk for a pregnant woman or newborn. Studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between decision-to-delivery time and neonatal outcomes, but the findings are contradictory. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the average of decision-to-delivery time of an emergency cesarean section and its effect on adverse neonatal outcomes at East Gojjam Zone Public Hospital. Methods A multicenter prospective study design would be carried out between November 2022 and January 2023. Using the consecutive method, a sample of 352 mother-newborn pairs was studied. Direct observation and face-to-face interviews were undertaken to gather the data using a semi-structured questionnaire. For both data input and analysis, Epi Data version 4.6 and Stata version 14 software were used. Both the crude and adjusted odds ratios were computed. Measure of significance was based on the adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and a p-value of less than 0.05. Results Decision-to-delivery time interval within 30 minute was seen in 21.9% of emergency cesarean delivery. The study found a significant relationship between the first-minute low Apgar score and the delayed decision-to-delivery time interval (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.1–6, p = 0.03). In addition, determinant factors for poor 1st-minute Apgar scores include danger signs during pregnancy (AOR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.1–7.8, p = 0.03), women referred from another facility (AOR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.5–4.6, p = 001), and non-reassuring fetal heart rate (AOR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.1–17, p = 0.04). A delayed decision-to-delivery time interval is not statistically significantly associated with a low 5th-minute Apgar score or neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Conclusion The study found unfavorable 1st-minute Apgar score and a longer decision-to-delivery period than recommended. This duration and negative newborn outcomes may be reduced by increasing and involving comprehensive obstetric and neonatal care facilities with skilled emergency obstetric surgeons, such as clinical midwife, integrated emergency surgeon officers, and physician.