Effect of cyclopentane and sodium chloride on the formation kinetics of natural gas hydrate in different operating conditions

Ahmadpanah, S.J.; Manteghian, Mehrdad; Ganji, Hamid

doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2022.104417

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Thermodynamic promoters provide milder conditions for gas hydrate formation by changing the hydrate equilibrium curve, while the kinetic type lowers the nucleation time and increases the growth rate of hydrate crystals. 30,33−35 Tetrahydrofuran, 36,37 cyclopentane, 38 cyclohexane, 39 tetrabutylammonium bromide, 40 1,3-dioxolane, 41 and 1,4-dioxane 30 are well-known thermodynamic promoters. Surfactants, 31,42,43 amino acids, 44,45 ionic liquids, 46 and nanoparticles/solid particles 18,47−50 are the most studied kinetic promoters.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the proposed methods to improve the kinetic of gas hydrate formation, special additives called gas hydrate promoters are one of the most effective options. − Thermodynamic and kinetic hydrate promoters are the two main classes of promoters. Thermodynamic promoters provide milder conditions for gas hydrate formation by changing the hydrate equilibrium curve, while the kinetic type lowers the nucleation time and increases the growth rate of hydrate crystals. ,− Tetrahydrofuran, , cyclopentane, cyclohexane, tetrabutylammonium bromide, 1,3-dioxolane, and 1,4-dioxane are well-known thermodynamic promoters. Surfactants, ,, amino acids, , ionic liquids, and nanoparticles/solid particles ,− are the most studied kinetic promoters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solidified Methane Storage Using an Efficient Class of Anionic Surfactants under Dynamic and Static Conditions: An Experimental and Computational Investigation

Farhadian

Mirzakimov

Semenov

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Rapid hydrate formation and high storage capacity are two key parameters in commercializing hydrate-based solidified natural gas technology. Surfactants are known as the most effective additives to accelerate the kinetics of gas hydrate formation under different conditions. This research introduces an efficient class of anionic surfactants – carboxyl-sulfonated surfactant (CSS) – as gas hydrate promoters for the first time. To that end, CSSs with different alkyl chain lengths were synthesized, and their promotion effect on methane hydrate formation was evaluated in static and dynamic conditions. Those CSSs with 10 carbon atoms provided a maximum conversion of 88.4% at 500 ppm, higher than that of sodium dodecyl sulfate (87.9%). However, those with 12 carbon atoms were selected as the optimal promoter in terms of kinetic constants. The results of a high-pressure autoclave experiments revealed that the hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance of CSSs strongly affected their promotional activity. CSSs with a short alkyl chain had lower promotion efficiency as they could not increase the solubility of gas in water, especially under static conditions. Additionally, molecular dynamic simulations showed that the length of the alkyl chain directly influences the performance of promoter molecules because a longer hydrophobic tail can attract more methane molecules from the solution to supply them for the growing hydrate surface. Moreover, the CSSs with 12 carbon atoms aggregated into a stable micelle during hydrate formation according to the hydrophobic interaction, which attracted methane molecules around its hydrophobic tail and enhanced the hydrate growth rate. These findings can be useful in developing novel surfactants for energy-efficient methane storage in gas hydrates.

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