Effect of cutting flute design features on primary stability of immediate implant placement and restoration: a dynamic experimental analysis

Hsieh, Min-Chieh; Huang, Chang‐Hung; Hsu, Ming-Lun

doi:10.1007/s11517-022-02722-w

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For this reason, implants with retentive elements and threads around the implant shoulder were developed, leading to better integration in the cortical bone and, thus, a reduction in bone resorption [ 71 ]. In finite-element analyses, this theory was confirmed by Abuhussein et al [ 59 ], whereas ex vivo and in vivo studies show ambiguous data. It is still uncertain whether crestal-located threads contribute better load distribution and thus to the desired preservation of crestal bone or its degradation [ 3 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…In summary, however, it was found that higher bone–implant contact was found with the mere presence of threads, with implants with a smaller pitch, with V-threads with implants with smaller thread pitches (0.6 to 0.8 mm on average), and with a larger thread depth [ 12 ]. Especially aggressive self-tapping threads have been reported to increase primary stability [ 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How does dental implant macrogeometry affect primary implant stability? A narrative review

et al. 2023

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Purpose The macrogeometry of a dental implant plays a decisive role in its primary stability. A larger diameter, a conical shape, and a roughened surface increase the contact area of the implant with the surrounding bone and thus improve primary stability. This is considered the basis for successful implant osseointegration that different factors, such as implant design, can influence. This narrative review aims to critically review macro-geometric features affecting the primary stability of dental implants. Methods For this review, a comprehensive literature search and review of relevant studies was conducted based on formulating a research question, searching the literature using keywords and electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library to search for relevant studies. These studies were screened and selected, the study quality was assessed, data were extracted, the results were summarized, and conclusions were drawn. Results The macrogeometry of a dental implant includes its surface characteristics, size, and shape, all of which play a critical role in its primary stability. At the time of placement, the initial stability of an implant is determined by its contact area with the surrounding bone. Larger diameter and a conical shape of an implant result in a larger contact area and better primary stability. But the linear relationship between implant length and primary stability ends at 12 mm. Conclusions Several factors must be considered when choosing the ideal implant geometry, including local factors such as the condition of the bone and soft tissues at the implant site and systemic and patient-specific factors such as osteoporosis, diabetes, or autoimmune diseases. These factors can affect the success of the implant procedure and the long-term stability of an implant. By considering these factors, the surgeon can ensure the greatest possible therapeutic success and minimize the risk of implant failure. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does dental implant macrogeometry affect primary implant stability? A narrative review

et al. 2023

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“…Moreover, in a human cadaver study, other researchers [23] reported an improved PS with under-sized implant site preparations and demonstrated significant correlations among the bone density, the IT, and the RFA. In addition, self-tapping implants with selfcutting flutes were also found to influence PS [9]. In fact, osseodensification determines a higher IT also in low-quality bone [40], as well as a significant increase in bone density, PS, bone-to-implant contact (BIC), and bone area frequency occupancy [41][42][43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Stability Assessment of Conical Implants in Under-Prepared Sites: An In Vitro Study in Low-Density Polyurethane Foams

Comuzzi

Tumedei

Covani³

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Bone characteristics, the implant macrogeometry, and the drilling technique are considered the main important factors to obtain a good implant primary stability (PS). Indeed, although it is known that implant placement in poor bone sites increases the possibility of implant failure, several surgical procedures have been proposed to improve PS, such as site under-preparation. Hence, this in vitro study aimed to evaluate the insertion torque (IT), removal torque (RT), and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) of conical implants (3.3 and 4 × 13 mm) placed in under-prepared sites on 10 and 20 pounds per cubic foot (PCF) density polyurethane sheets (simulating a D3 and D2 bone, respectively) with and without a cortical sheet of 30 PCF in density (corresponding to a D1 bone). After using ANOVA or Kolmogorov–Smirnov test to elaborate data, the resulting IT and RT values were directly proportional to the polyurethane block densities (e.g., the lowest and highest IT values were 8.36 ± 0.52 Ncm in the 10 PCF density sheet and 46.21 ± 0.79 Ncm in the 20 PCF density sheet + cortical for 4 × 13 mm implants) and increased with the increasing amount of site under-preparation (the highest results for both implants were found with a 2.2 mm under-preparation, showing a significantly higher IT with a p < 0.05 compared with others, especially in the highest-density sheets). Both implants inserted in the 20 PCF density block + cortical with all under-preparation protocols exhibited significantly higher RFA values (p < 0.05–0.0001) compared with the corresponding ones in the 10 PCF block. Moreover, 3.3 × 13 mm implants showed the same results comparing the 20 PCF block and the 10 PCF block + cortical. In conclusion, in this in vitro study using low-density polyurethane blocks, the under-preparation of the implant insertion sites was shown to be effective in increasing implants’ PS.

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Are Implant Threads Important for Implant Stability? An In Vitro Study Using Low-Density Polyurethane Sheets

Comuzzi¹,

Tumedei

Pietro

et al. 2023

Eng

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Different strategies are known to improve implant primary stability (PS) and the bone-to-implant contact in post-extractive conditions, such as the macro-geometry of screws and apical threads, which can enhance the mechanical characteristics. In any case, the role of the apical area design in maintaining or improving the PS, especially in low-quality bone, still remains unclear. Thus, the present study aimed at evaluating in vitro the Insertion Torque (IT), Removal Torque (RT), and Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) of different implant apical threads in a cylindrical (EE) and in three conical implants (T3, TAC, Intra-lock) inserted in simulated post-extraction conditions on low-density polyurethane foams of 10 and 20 pounds per cubic foot (PCF), with and without the addition of a cortical sheet of 30 PCF in density. The IT, RT, and RFA values of all the implants tested were directly proportional to the polyurethane density and to the presence of the cortical sheet, but TAC and Intra-lock implants, which had the latest-generation thread design, always showed significantly higher values (e.g., IT: 18.6 and 18.6 Ncm, RT: 10.8 and 13.7 Ncm, RFA mean: 46 and 43 ISQ, in the 20 PCF density with the cortical sheet for TAC and Intra-lock, respectively). In particular, TAC implants also reached the highest RFA values in the lowest-density foam (19 ISQ). In conclusion, the present in vitro study demonstrated that TAC and Intra-lock apical designs and macro-geometries could play a key role in determining the PS and the polyurethane-implant contact in simulated post-extraction conditions in low-density artificial bone.

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Effect of cutting flute design features on primary stability of immediate implant placement and restoration: a dynamic experimental analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

How does dental implant macrogeometry affect primary implant stability? A narrative review

How does dental implant macrogeometry affect primary implant stability? A narrative review

Primary Stability Assessment of Conical Implants in Under-Prepared Sites: An In Vitro Study in Low-Density Polyurethane Foams

Are Implant Threads Important for Implant Stability? An In Vitro Study Using Low-Density Polyurethane Sheets

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