Effect of cuticular waxes compounds from table grapes on growth, germination and gene expression in Botrytis cinerea

Abstract

Botrytis cinerea attacks a broad range of host causing significant economic losses in the worldwide fruit export industry. Hitherto, many studies have focused on the penetration mechanisms used by this phytopathogen, but little is known about the early stages of infection, especially those such as adhesion and germination. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of cuticular waxes compounds from table grapes on growth, germination and gene expression of B. cinerea. To accomplish this, growth was analyzed using as substrate n-alkanes extracted from waxes of fresh fruit (table grapes, blueberries and apricots). Subsequently, the main compounds of table grape waxes, oleanolic acid (OA) and n-fatty alcohols, were mixed to generate a matrix on which conidia of B. cinerea were added to assess their effect on germination and expression of bctub, bchtr and bchex genes. B. cinerea B05.10, isolated from grapes, increased its growth on a matrix composed by table grapes n-alkanes in comparison to a matrix made with n-alkanes from apricot or blueberries. Moreover, at 2.5 h, B05.10 germination increased 17 and 33 % in presence of n-alkanes from table grape, in comparison to conditions without alkanes or with blueberries alkanes, respectively. Finally, expression of bchtr and bchex showed a significant increase during the first hour after contact with n-fatty alcohols and OA. In conclusion, B. cinerea displays selectivity towards certain compounds found in host waxes, mainly n-fatty alcohols, which could be a good candidate to control this phytopathogen in early stages of infection.

Structural Characterization, DFT Calculation, NCI, Scan-Rate Analysis and Antifungal Activity against Botrytis cinerea of (E)-2-{[(2-Aminopyridin-2-yl)imino]-methyl}-4,6-di-tert-butylphenol (Pyridine Schiff Base)

“…In this context, we explored the potential fungicidal activity of L1 against Botrytis cinerea . Thus, we first tested the L1 antifungal effect at 26 °C against Botrytis cinerea B05.10, a standard laboratory strain [ 22 ], and Botrytis cinerea A1, a faster-growing strain isolated from blueberries in the field, in Chile [ 62 ].…”

Cuticular waxes of nectarines during fruit development in relation to surface conductance and susceptibility to Monilinia laxa

“…Another reason for the high susceptibility at maturity could be the higher level in cuticular waxes of alkanes, which could favour the growth of the fungus, since they increased in content during the final growth stage until ripening. Fungi can use alkanes as a carbon source, and these aliphatic compounds enhanced the growth in vitro of Botrytis cinerea ( Silva-Moreno et al , 2016 ). In the same way, the overexpression in Arabidopsis of the ECERIFERUM1 gene, which promotes alkane biosynthesis, increased the plant’s susceptibility to Sclerotinia ( Bourdenx et al , 2011 ).…”

Cytokinin inhibits fungal development and virulence by targeting the cytoskeleton and cellular trafficking

“…The primer sequences for each gene detailed in Supplementary Table 2. B. cinerea ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 (ubce) (76) was used as internal reference gene and relative gene expression levels were calculated using the 2 -ΔΔCt method (77). At least four independent biological replicates were used for analysis.…”