Effect of Curry Leaves, Garlic and Tea Tree Oil on Streptococcus Mutans and Lactobacilli in Children: A Clinical and Microbiological Study

Abstract

DESCRITORES

Efficacy and safety of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil for human health—A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

“…The remaining study tested the effect of tea tree oil on anxiety and sleep disturbance in patients receiving chemotherapy (Ozkaraman et al, 2018). Eighteen studies were published in the field of dentistry addressing control of microbial plaque [n = 12; (Groppo et al, 2002;Saxer et al, 2003;Soukoulis and Hirsch, 2004;Prabhakar et al, 2009;Chandrdas et al, 2014;Rahman et al, 2014;Salvatori et al, 2017;Casarin et al, 2019;Bharadwaj et al, 2020;Kamath et al, 2020;Reddy et al, 2020;Ripari et al, 2020)], periodontitis [n = 3; (Elgendy et al, 2013;Raut and Sethi, 2016;Taalab et al, 2021)], denture stomatitis [n = 1; (Catalán et al, 2008)], oral halitosis [n = 1;(Srikumar et al, 2022)], or prevention of patientclinician cross-contamination during dental procedures [n = 1; (Shetty et al, 2013)]. Nine studies were published in the field of dermatology addressing acne vulgaris [n = 3; (Bassett et al, 1990;Enshaieh et al, 2007;Najafi-Taher et al, 2022)], seborrheic dermatitis [n = 1; (Beheshti Roy et al, 2014)], inflammatory skin disease [n = 1; (Beikert et al, 2013)], wound healing [n = 2; (Rothenberger et al, 2016;Cho and Choi, 2017)], skin photo-aging [n = 1; (Hugo Infante et al, 2023)], or dandruff [n = 1; (Satchell et al, 2002a)].…”

“…Eighteen trials were published from 2002 to 2022 and were conducted in Australia (Soukoulis and Hirsch, 2004), Brazil (Casarin et al, 2019), Chile (Catalán et al, 2008), Egypt (Elgendy et al, 2013;Taalab et al, 2021), India (Groppo et al, 2002;Prabhakar et al, 2009;Shetty et al, 2013;Chandrdas et al, 2014;Raut and Sethi, 2016;Bharadwaj et al, 2020;Kamath et al, 2020;Reddy et al, 2020;Srikumar et al, 2022), Italy (Salvatori et al, 2017;Ripari et al, 2020), Switzerland (Saxer et al, 2003), or United Arab Emirates (Rahman et al, 2014), within a primary, secondary or tertiary education setting or within a hospital or outpatient clinic setting.…”

“…Oral hygiene practices focus on the use of tooth brushing, interdental aides, and mouthwashes to limit the accumulation of microbial plaque. Twelve trials tested the efficacy of tea tree oil for control of microbial plaque on the tooth surface (Groppo et al, 2002;Saxer et al, 2003;Soukoulis and Hirsch, 2004;Prabhakar et al, 2009;Chandrdas et al, 2014;Rahman et al, 2014;Salvatori et al, 2017;Casarin et al, 2019;Bharadwaj et al, 2020;Kamath et al, 2020;Reddy et al, 2020;Ripari et al, 2020). Outcomes assessed in these trials included plaque indices or scores (Saxer et al, 2003;Soukoulis and Hirsch, 2004;Rahman et al, 2014;Salvatori et al, 2017;Casarin et al, 2019;Bharadwaj et al, 2020;Reddy et al, 2020;Ripari et al, 2020), gingival indices (Soukoulis and Hirsch, 2004;Salvatori et al, 2017;Bharadwaj et al, 2020;Kamath et al, 2020;Reddy et al, 2020;Ripari et al, 2020), bleeding indices or scores (Saxer et al, 2003;Soukoulis and Hirsch, 2004;Rahman et al, 2014;Salvatori et al, 2017;Ripari et al, 2020), salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) count (Groppo et al, 2002;Prabhakar et al, 2009;Chandrdas et al, 2014;Kamath et al, 2020) or, in one study, salivary Lactobacillus count (Prabhakar et al, 2009).…”

“…Only one study measured gingival crevicular fluid as a biomarker of gingival inflammation (Casarin et al, 2019), while two measured dental discoloration (Salvatori et al, 2017;Ripari et al, 2020), and another measured probing pocket depth (Ripari et al, 2020). Ten trials tested a tea tree oil-based mouthwash for controlling microbial plaque (Saxer et al, 2003;Rahman et al, 2014;Salvatori et al, 2017;Casarin et al, 2019;Bharadwaj et al, 2020;Kamath et al, 2020;Reddy et al, 2020;Ripari et al, 2020) and/or salivary microorganisms (Groppo et al, 2002;Prabhakar et al, 2009;Kamath et al, 2020). Of these, two tested Tebodont ® (Saxer et al, 2003;Rahman et al, 2014), while others were either formulated for research containing 0.2%-0.5% tea tree oil or, in one study, the tea tree oil was diluted by participants themselves (Ripari et al, 2020).…”

“…Three trials tested a tea tree oil-based mouthwash in children aged between 8 and 15 years (Prabhakar et al, 2009;Kamath et al, 2020;Reddy et al, 2020). Kamath et al (2020), compared the efficacy of a 0.5% tea tree oil mouthwash with three other mouthwashes (one based on aloe vera and peppermint oil, a chlorhexidine mouthwash and a Frontiers in Pharmacology frontiersin.org Tween-80, 5 g propylene glycol, 5 g glycerine, 0.2 g benzyl alcohol and Milli-Q water.…”