Effect of CuO/ZnO/FTO electrode properties on the performance of a photo-microbial fuel cell sensor for the detection of heavy metals

Phototrophic microbial fuel cells: a greener approach to sustainable power generation and wastewater treatment

“…The sensor sensitivity was mainly attributed to the intimate P-N heterojunctions formed in the CuO/ZnO. 62 An example schematic of a NPMFC is shown in Fig. 4.…”

“…The sensor sensitivity was mainly attributed to the intimate P–N heterojunctions formed in the CuO/ZnO. 62…”

Distinct voltage signals of sediment microbial fuel cell sensors in sensing various contaminants

“…Since the voltage and current are greatly influenced by metabolic activity of exoelectrogens [2], currently most MFC based sensors employed exoelectrogens as sensing element [3]. As a result, wastewater containing BOD would enhance microbial activity and voltage [4][5][6][7] whereas wastewater with toxic compounds (e. g., heavy metals) would inhibit exoelectrogens and result in an instant voltage drop [8][9][10][11]. Therefore, these MFC sensors could distinguish toxic agents from non-toxic agents.…”

Laser-induced graphene incorporated with silver nanoparticles applied for heavy metal multi-detection

“…10 However, in the case of the electrochemical method, the price is low, the measurement time is short, the selective analysis is easy, and both accuracy and reproducibility can be realized. [11][12][13] The square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) measurement method is the most accurate among the electrochemical methods. 14 Mercury (Hg) has been widely used as an electrode material for heavy metal sensors in previous studies.…”

“…However, mercury is highly toxic and when exposed to air, the reproducibility of the sensor is not good because its detection function changes easily. 13 Accordingly, in subsequent studies, metallic materials, such as bismuth (Bi), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), and silver (Ag), have been used in electrodes rather than mercury. 15,16 Bi has almost no chemical reactivity and toxicity in the human body.…”