EFFECT OF CULTURE CONDITIONS ON THE PRODUCTION OF AMYLASE ENZYME BY RHIZOPUS ORYZAE (Went & Prins Geerl.).

Abstract

Amylases are among the most important enzymes and have great significance in present-day biotechnology. Fungal amylase has large application in food and pharmaceutical industries. Considering these facts, the effect of different culture media, temperature and pH on amylase production by Rhizopus oryzae were studied. The activity of amylase was determined by cup plate assay method as described by Chaurasia et al. (2015). In order to select the best suitable medium, the production of amylase enzyme was determined by growing the Rhizopus oryzae in eight different culture media for 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 days at 30 0 C temperature. Among eight culture media, Brown's, dextroseasparagine-phosphate, Glucose-dox and Glucose-nitrate media have not favoured the production of amylase as in the culture filtrate of these four media, no trace of amylase enzyme have been detected. While remaining four culture media (i.e. Molisch's, Elliots, Fernando's and Waksman's), Rhizopus oryzae was able to produce amylase enzyme. Amongst these four culture media, Fernando's medium was found to be the best for the production of amylase enzyme. Nine days of incubation period was also found to be the best for maxium production of amylase enzyme. For further study, Fernando's medium and nine days of incubation period were selected for amylase production. To study the influence of temperature, Rhizopus oryzae was cultured on Fernando's medium (pH 5.0) for nine days at different temperatures viz., 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 0 C. The Rhizopus oryzae was able to produce the amylase enzyme at wide range of temperature, ranging from 15 0 to 40 0 C. The 30 0 C temperature was found to be optimum for the maxiumum production of amylase enzyme. Above 40 0 C, no trace of amylase production was recorded. To study the effect of pH on amylase production, Rhizopus oryzae was cultured on Fernando's medium having different pH values, viz, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 at 30 0 C for 9 days incubation period. The isolated pathogen Rhizopus oryzae was able to synthesized amylase enzyme at a wide range of pH, i.e., from pH 3.0 to 8.0. Extremely acidic pH (i.e. at pH 3.0), the activity of amylase was found to be less which increased gradually with increase in pH up to pH 5.0. Further

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