Effect of cultivar and environment on the feeding value of Western Canadian wheat and barley samples with and without enzyme supplementation

Abstract

Scott, T. A., Silversides, F. G., Classen, H. L., Swift, M. L. and Bedford, M. R. 1998. Effect of cultivar and environment on the feeding value of Western Canadian wheat and barley samples with and without enzyme supplementation. Can J. Anim. Sci. 78: 649-656. The feeding value of nine wheat cultivars grown in replicate in three locations in each of two crop years, and 14 barley cultivars grown in seven locations over three crop years was tested with or without an appropriate commercial enzyme using a broiler chick bioassay. Four pens of six male broilers were fed mash diets containing 80% of the test cereal with or without enzyme from 4 to 17 d. Digestibilities were determined using an acid insoluble ash marker at 1.1% of diet. Significant intraclass correlation coefficients between duplicate wheat samples suggested a common effect of the location, but their low to moderate values suggested the presence of random variation or variation due to unique growing conditions within location. For both wheat and barley samples, the growing location affected the feeding value of the cereal grain and subsequent broiler chick performance. Durum wheat cultivars had higher feeding values than that of other wheat classes, both with and without enzyme supplementation, and the response to enzyme supplementation was low, likely reflecting a low level of soluble non-starch polysaccharides. The values of hulless barley cultivars were similar to those of hulled cultivars without enzyme, but the lower crude fibre in hulless barley resulted in higher feeding values when diets were supplemented with enzyme. The response to enzyme supplementation for both wheat and barley cultivars was dependent on the feeding value of the cereal grain without supplementation. Knowledge of variation in enzyme response could be used by feed manufacturers to determine the economic merit of supplementing with enzymes. Can J. Anim. Sci. 78: 649-656. La valeur alimentaire de neuf cultivars de blé cultivés en double à sept locals dans deux années et 14 cultivars d'orge cultivés à sept locals dans trois années à été verifiée avec ou sans enzyme commercial dans un essai biologique pour les jeunes poussins à chair. Quatre parquets de six poulets mâles ont été alimentés avec des rations moulées contenant 80 % de céréale à tester avec ou sans enzyme de 4 à 17 j. Les digestibilities ont été determinés en utilisant un marquer de cendre insoluble à l'acide à 1.1 % du ration. Des coefficients de corrélation intraclass entre les échantillons de blé en doubles ont suggeré un effet commun du local, mais leurs valeurs faibles ou moderées ont suggeré l'existance de variation soit aléatoire ou du aux conditions unique de culture a l'intérieur du local. Pour les échantillons de blé et d'orge, l'endoit a affecté la valeur alimentaire du céréale et la performance des poulets subséquente. Les cultivars de blé Durum avait des valeurs alimentaires plus elevées que d'autres classes de cultivar avec et sans enzyme et la réponse au supplémentation par enzyme à été faible, vraisembl...

Does the effect of pelleting depend on the wheat sample when fed to chickens?

“…In accord with previous reports with mash (Scott et al, 1998;Rose et al, 2001;Steenfeldt, 2001;Pirgozliev et al, 2003) and pelleted (Amerah et al, 2009) wheat-based diets, in the present study birds were fed wheat that had high starch and protein contents, and relatively hard endosperm, and had an improved FI and WG. The feed form by wheattype interactions observed in this study shows that milling wheat instead of feed wheat in pelleted diets results in improved NR and G : F ratio in broiler chickens.…”

“…However, there is inconsistence in the literature as some of the authors report responses on growth performance and nutrient availability to mash diets (Scott et al, 1998;Rose et al, 2001;Steenfeldt, 2001;Pirgozliev et al, 2003), others reported responses to pelleted diets (Wiseman et al, 2001;Carre et al, 2005). However, there is a lack of information on a direct comparison of feeding value of wheat with different chemical and quality characteristics, and the dietary form, thus more research is needed.…”

Defining the effects of wheat type, water inclusion level, and wet-diet restriction on variability in performance of broilers fed wheat-based diets with added water

“…Seven male broiler chicks (1 d of age) vaccinated at the hatchery (Western Hatchery Ltd., Abbotsford, BC) for infectious bronchitis and Marek's disease were randomly distributed to each of 144 bioassay cages (Scott et al 1998). Whole-room brooding was used, with an initial temperature of 33°C, which was gradually reduced to 26°C by 21 d. Fluorescent (20 lux) lighting was provided for 23 h d -1 from 1 to 3 d and for 18 h d -1 (0200 to 2000) thereafter.…”

“…A 6-h excreta collection was made from each cage of birds at 20 d of age. The clean (free of obvious feathers and/or spilled feed) excreta samples were frozen, freezedried, ground, and analysed for acid insoluble ash and gross energy to determine AME levels of the diets (Scott et al 1998). At 21 d of age, the broilers were humanely killed by cervical dislocation, and the ileal digesta collected for future analysis.…”

“…At 21 d of age, the broilers were humanely killed by cervical dislocation, and the ileal digesta collected for future analysis. The upper intestinal digesta of two individual broilers per diet were collected and used to determine digesta viscosity (Scott et al 1998). …”