Effect of Cs on the Stability and Photovoltaic Performance of 2D/3D Perovskite-Based Solar Cells

Iagher, Lior; Etgar, Lioz

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.7b01196

Cited by 66 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…As a distinctive factor between 2DPs and 3DPs, the spacer cation is naturally one important parameter to optimize. For example, better thermal and moisture stability can be obtained simply by using a spacer cation with a longer carbon chain or with an aromatic ring . Long chains will also reduce conductivity and aggravate charge accumulation; hence, an optimum length needs to be found to balance stability and efficiency .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attaining High Photovoltaic Efficiency and Stability with Multidimensional Perovskites

Kosasih

Ducati

2018

ChemSusChem

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Scheme1.Arrangemento fmetal halide octahedra( gray cube/layer) and organic cations (brown cube/layer) in 3DP,2DP,and corrugated 2DP structures. Adapted with permission from Ref. [28].4194 Minireviews Scheme2.Device schematics of an MDP solar cellwith 2D at GB morphology.PVSK = perovskite, ITO = indium tin oxide. Reproduced from Ref. [43] undera CC-BY 4.0 license (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attaining High Photovoltaic Efficiency and Stability with Multidimensional Perovskites

Kosasih

Ducati

2018

ChemSusChem

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“…However, standard operational conditions for photovoltaics require materials and devices to be stable at this temperature. Therefore, the replacement of the organic parts by inorganic components (Cs + ) is expected to dramatically increase the long‐term stability . It has been widely reported that even a small amount of cesium can greatly enhance the thermal stability of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Recent Progress of All‐Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskites and Solar Cells

2019

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perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) have reached a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.2% in 2019, [19] which is comparable with that of copper indiumgallium diselenide (CIGS) [20] and siliconbased solar cells.The general chemical formula of a perovskite compound can be described as ABX 3 , where A is a monovalent cation (methylammonium (CH 3 NH 3 + (MA + )), formamidinium (CH(NH 2 ) 2 + (FA + )), cesium, etc.), B is a divalent metal cation (Pb 2+ , Sn 2+ , etc.), and X is occupied by a halide counterion (Cl − , Br − , and I − ). It is possible to form mixed compounds with respect to each site. The commercialization of hybrid perovskites requires materials that are thermodynamically stable and can withstand various thermal stressing tests, including natural daynight cycling and exposure to full sunlight. The organic parts in perovskites (such as MA + or FA + ) cannot endure high temperature and thus presents a longterm stability issue for devices under operation. Among the various degradation and decomposition pathways of hybrid perovskite, which depend on environmental factors such as humidity and illumination, a common theme is the low thermal stability of these perovskites, even in inert atmosphere. [21][22][23] For example, release of CH 3 NH 2 has been reported in MA-based perovskite films at temperatures of 80 °C, indicating decomposition of MA. [24] However, standard operational conditions for photovoltaics require materials and devices to be stable at this temperature. Therefore, the replacement of the organic parts by inorganic components (Cs + ) is expected to dramatically increase the long-term stability. [23,25,26] It has been widely reported that even a small amount of cesium can greatly enhance the thermal stability of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites. [27,28] For example, FA 0.83 Cs 0.17 Pb(I 0.6 Br 0.4 ) 3 demonstrates both thermal and moisture stability, and stability to operation in the presence of oxygen. [29] An early report by Hodes [30] shows that thin films of the inorganic perovskite CsPbBr 3 can be prepared with a two-step method. The solar cells employing these layers yield an impressive high open circuit voltage (V oc ) of 1.32 V. These results, as the authors emphasize, indicate that the organic moiety is not an essential component in constructing high-performance perovskite materials and devices. Since then, with numerous publications each year, the inorganic PSCs research community is keeping highly active, including novel deposition methods All-inorganic perovskites are considered to be one of the most appealing research hotspots in the field of perovskite photovoltaics in the past 3 years due to their superior thermal stability compared to their organic-inorganic hybrid counterparts. The power-conversion efficiency has reached 17.06% and the number of important publications is ever increasing. Here, the progress of inorganic perovskites is systematically highlighted, covering materials design, preparation of high-quality perovskite films, and avoidance of phase in...

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“…While contactless time-resolved microwave conductivity measurements contradictorily suggest a much lower carrier lifetime of the same material ( 13 ). Recent investigations in the quasi-2D perovskite suggested a scaling law for excitons ( 14 , 15 ), and solar cells based on 2D/3D mixed halide perovskites have shown the success for simultaneously improved power conversion efficiency and stability ( 12 , 16 – 18 ), which, however, raises the fundamental questions about the depleted and accumulated charge carriers at the 2D/3D hetero-interfaces, similar to the issues in GaAs/Al x Ga 1− x As superlattice ( 19 ), since the 3D perovskite has an energetically lower conduction band and may act like an electron acceptor in the 2D/3D mixed phase. Overall, these contradictory results from different reports and the questions about the nontrivial boundary relevant properties cannot be completely explained by solely considering the bulk physics without taking into account the edge effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct conducting layer edge states in two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskite

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2019

Sci. Adv.

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Two-dimensional (2D) lead halide perovskite with a natural “multiple quantum well” (MQW) structure has shown great potential for optoelectronic applications. Continuing advancement requires a fundamental understanding of the charge and energy flow in these 2D heterolayers, particularly at the layer edges. Here, we report the distinct conducting feature at the layer edges between the insulating bulk terrace regions in the (C4H9NH3)2PbI4 2D perovskite single crystal. The edges of the 2D exhibit an extraordinarily large carrier density of ~1021 cm−3. By using various mapping techniques, we found the layer edge electrons are not related to the surface charging effect; rather, they are associated with the local nontrivial energy states of the electronic structure at the edges. This observation of the metal-like conducting feature at the layer edge of the 2D perovskite provides a different dimension for enhancing the performance of the next-generation optoelectronics and developing innovative nanoelectronics.

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Effect of Cs on the Stability and Photovoltaic Performance of 2D/3D Perovskite-Based Solar Cells

Cited by 66 publications

References 27 publications

Attaining High Photovoltaic Efficiency and Stability with Multidimensional Perovskites

Attaining High Photovoltaic Efficiency and Stability with Multidimensional Perovskites

Review on Recent Progress of All‐Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskites and Solar Cells

Distinct conducting layer edge states in two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskite

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