Effect of cryogenic grinding on volatile and fatty oil constituents of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) genotypes

Abstract

Effect of cryogenic grinding on recovery of volatile oil, fatty oil percentage and their constituents in two cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) genotypes have been analyzed. Cryogenic grinding not only retains the volatiles but enhanced the recovery by 33.9 % in GC 4 and 43.5 % in RZ 209. A significant increase (29.9 %) over normal grinding in oil percentage was also observed in genotype RZ 209. This increase was, however, less (15.4 %) in genotype GC 4. Nineteen major compounds were identified in the essential oil of both genotypes. The two grinding techniques had significant effects on dependent variables, viz., volatile oil and monoterpenes. Cuminaldehyde was the main constituent in both genotypes, content of which increased from 48.2 to 56.1 % in GC 4 on cryo grinding. Content of terpines were found to decrease in cryo ground samples of GC 4 and either decrease or no change was found in RZ 209. Organoleptic test showed more pleasant aroma in cryo ground seeds of both the genotypes. Significant increase was also reported in fatty oil yield due to cryogenic grinding. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis showed oleic acid as major FAME content of which increased from 88.1 to 94.9 % in RZ 209 and from 88.2 to 90.1 % in GC 4 on cryogenic grinding. Other prominent FAME were palmitic, palmitoleic and stearic acid. Results indicated commercial potential of cryogenic grinding technology for cumin in general and spices in particular for better retention of flavour and quality in spices.

Nutraceutical properties of cumin residue generated from Ayurvedic industries using cell line models

“…Cumin (Cumin cyminum), an annual herbaceous plant that belongs to the Umbelliferae family is an important component of many of the Ayurvedic decoctions (Sharma et al 2016). Cumin seeds are used as a spice for their distinctive flavor and aroma and are valued for its medicinal and therapeutic properties (Thippeswamy and Naidu 2005).…”

“…Apart from spice industry, large quantities of cumin seeds are also used by Ayurvedic industries. Cumin is an important component of most of the Ayurvedic decoctions specifically used for the conditions like bloating, vomiting, diarrhea, dysentery, malabsorption syndrome, fever and skin diseases (Sharma et al 2016). Jeerakarishtam, one of the cumin based decoction, is prescribed by Ayurvedic doctors for abdominal distension, discomfort in the chest, respiratory disorders, and all digestive disorders.…”

Improving quality of cumin powder through cryogenic grinding technology

“…Similarly, Goswami () reported that during cryogenic grinding of cloves, when temperatures decreased from −50 to −110 °C the percent retention of volatile oil increased from 13.16 to 13.31%. Similarly Sharma et al () observed that the essential oil retention of cryo‐ground cumin powder of genotype GC‐4 and RZ‐209 was increased 33.9 and 43.5% over noncryogenic grinding respectively. In addition to that, they also observed that, for different genotypes of cumin seeds, cuminaldehyde was increased significantly due to cryogenic grinding and some constituents were only recovered in cryo‐ground samples.…”

“…Lower γ‐terpinene in the volatile oil may be due to the fact that the content of cuminaldehyde, γ‐terpinene, and other components varies from variety to variety, field of growing and growing atmosphere. According to findings of Sharma et al () genotypes GC‐4 and RZ‐209 of cumin from diverse origins showed difference in essential oil constituents whether ground by either cryogenic or traditional technique. Ramezani et al () signified that the genetic constitution and environmental condition influence the yield and composition of volatile oil produced by medicinal plants.…”

“…(d) pin mill for grinding of which rpm was fixed at 4,500 rpm (e) collection hopper to collect ground material (f) the control panel: it consists of three on/off switches for rotary valve, pin mill and screw conveyor respectively, knob for adjusting the speed of cryogenic screw conveyor, an emergency knob to stop the machine, digital temperature controller to set the cryogenic grinding temperature and digital indicator displaying voltage, current, and frequency. Similar cryogenic grinder was used to ground different genotypes of coriander and cumin by Saxena et al () and Sharma et al () respectively.…”