Effect of cryogenic deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of 304 austenitic stainless steel

Mallick, P.; Tewary, N.K.; Ghosh, S. K.; Chattopadhyay, Paramita

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2017.09.027

Cited by 78 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…As shown in Table 2, SFE was slightly larger for HR than for CR/A samples. The measured fractions of martensite are consistent with this result, in the sense that lower SFE values are associated with enhanced phase transformation because lead to the formation of stacking faults and shear bands that act as ε and αʹ martensite nucleation sites [1][2]4,3,5 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

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Mechanically Induced Martensitic Transformation of Hot Rolled and Annealed 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures

2019

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The 304L austenitic stainless steel is susceptible to mechanically induced martensitic transformation from slightly above room temperature down to cryogenic temperatures. In this work, austenitic 304L steel produced by two different thermomechanical processes, hot rolling (HR) and cold rolling and annealing (CR/A), were subjected to martensitic transformation by rolling and by tensile tests at 298 K and 155 K and the volume fraction of martensite was determined by X-ray diffraction and ferritescope measurements. The results showed that the martensitic transformation was complete for CR/A samples rolled at 155 K and that the volume fraction of martensite was larger in CR/A samples than in HR samples in all cases.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…For instance, SFE values below 18 mJ.m −2 favor the transformation (γ→ε→αʹ) [1][2] . The empirical Equations 1 and 2 can be used to calculate the SFE at room and other temperatures, respectively 5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically Induced Martensitic Transformation of Hot Rolled and Annealed 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures

2019

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“…For example, cryogenic shot peening leads to higher proportions of deformation-induced a 0martensite and also more pronounced increases in hardness compared to shot peening at room temperature [43]. In the same way, cryogenic cold rolling also leads to a higher content of a 0 -martensite and thus a higher hardness compared to cold rolling at room temperature [44]. Repeated cold rolling and higher deformation favor strain hardening and deformation-induced phase transformation, stronger elongated grains and higher tensile strength [45][46][47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of cold drawing and cryogenic turning for modifying surface morphology of metastable austenitic AISI 347 steel

Hotz

Kirsch

Becker

et al. 2019

J. Iron Steel Res. Int.

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The application of components often depends to a large extent on the properties of the surface layer. A novel process chain for the production of components with a hardened surface layer from metastable austenitic steel was presented. The investigated metastable austenitic AISI 347 steel was cold-drawn in solution annealed condition at cryogenic temperatures for pre-hardening, followed by post-hardening via cryogenic turning. The increase in hardness in both processes was due to strain hardening and deformation-induced phase transformation from c-austenite to a 0-martensite. Cryogenic turning experiments were carried out with solution annealed AISI 347 steel as well as with solution annealed and subsequently cold-drawn AISI 347 steel. The thermomechanical load of the workpiece surface layer during the turning process as well as the resulting surface morphology was characterized. The forces and temperatures were higher in turning the cold-drawn AISI 347 steel than turning the solution annealed AISI 347 steel. After cryogenic turning of the solution annealed material, deformation-induced phase transformation and a significant increase in hardness were detected in the near-surface layer. In contrast, no additional phase transformation was observed after cryogenic turning of the cold-drawn AISI 347 steel. The maximum hardness in the surface layer was similar, whereas the hardness in the core of the cold-drawn AISI 347 steel was higher compared to that in the solution annealed AISI 347 steel.

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“…In this study, the degree of cold-working and subsequent annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated in relation to recrystallization and grain refinement in high-Mn steels. For cryogenic applications, the improvement of impact toughness is important to ensure the safety and integrity of structural materials because strength increases at low temperatures [32,33]. Therefore, our study focuses on the improvement of impact toughness and investigates the correlation between microstructural changes and mechanical properties by heat treatment to determine to improve strength and ductility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Recrystallization on Strength and Impact Toughness of Cold-Worked High-Mn Austenitic Steels

Park

Kang

Park

et al. 2019

Metals

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High-Mn austenitic steels have been recently developed for a storage or transportation application of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in cryogenic fields. Since the structural materials are subjected to extremely low temperature, it requires excellent mechanical properties such as high toughness strength. In case of high-Mn steels, twinning deformation during the cold-working process is known to increase strength yet may cause embrittlement of heavy deformed twin and anisotropic properties. In this study, a recrystallization process through appropriate annealing heat treatments after cold-working was applied to improve the impact toughness for high-Mn austenitic steels. Microstructure and mechanical properties were performed to evaluate the influence of cold-worked and annealed high-Mn austenitic steels. Mechanical properties, such as strength and impact toughness, were investigated by tensile and Charpy impact tests. The relationship between strength and impact toughness was determined by microstructure analysis such as the degree of recrystallization and grain refinement. Consequently, both elongation and toughness were significantly increased after cold-working and subsequent annealing at 1000 • C as compared to the as-received (hot-rolled) specimen. The cold-worked high-Mn steel was completely recrystallized at 1000 • C and showed a homogeneous micro-structure with high-angle grain boundaries.

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Effect of cryogenic deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of 304 austenitic stainless steel

Cited by 78 publications

References 44 publications

Mechanically Induced Martensitic Transformation of Hot Rolled and Annealed 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures

Mechanically Induced Martensitic Transformation of Hot Rolled and Annealed 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures

Combination of cold drawing and cryogenic turning for modifying surface morphology of metastable austenitic AISI 347 steel

The Effects of Recrystallization on Strength and Impact Toughness of Cold-Worked High-Mn Austenitic Steels

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