Effect of Crushed Glass Cullet Sizes on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Red Clay Bricks

Abstract

This study reports the effect of clear waste glass from bottles added on 20 to 30 wt.% and variable particle size (<500, <300, and <212 μm), into clay mixtures for the handmade brick manufacturing process. The bricks were manufactured with mixtures of clay, crushed glass, and water in different proportions, homogenized, casted in wooden molds, air-dried at room temperature for 72 h, and sintered at 1000°C for 12 h. Total shrinkage, water absorption, compressive strength, microstructure, and phase composition are discussed with respect to glass content and its particle size. The results indicate that increasing the content of glass and decreasing its particle size enhanced significantly the brick properties of water absorption and compressive strength by up to 18.5% and 6.8 MPa, for bricks with 30 wt% and particle size lower than 212 μm. It is proposed that decreasing the glass particle size its surface area increases allowing easier melting of glass by lower energy consumption, reducing porosity and enhancing brick properties.

Properties of Fired Bricks Incorporating TFT-LCD Waste Glass Powder with Reservoir Sediments

“…That is to say, the larger the amount of the added TFT-LCD waste glass powder, the higher the density of the resulting bricks. This is due to the waste glass particles fusing with the clay bodies, which contributed to the densification of the brick [40]. On the other hand, the results of the ANOVA of density are given in Table 8.…”

“…Further, the larger the amount of the added TFT-LCD waste glass powder, the lower the water absorption of the resulting bricks. The reason for this is that increasing the cullet content promoted the formation of the liquid phase of glass, which contributed to the densification of the bricks, thereby reducing the water absorption [40]. The results of the ANOVA of water absorption are given in Table 10.…”

“…From Table 15, it can be seen that the cullet content was the most significant factor in controlling porosity. The reason for this is that increasing the cullet content promoted the formation of the liquid phase of glass, which contributed to reducing the voids and pore volume in the brick [40]. The results of the ANOVA for porosity are given in Table 16.…”

“…In addition, the greater the amount of TFT-LCD waste glass powder, the greater the compressive strength of the brick. The reason for this is that increasing the cullet content can reduce the porosity of bricks by closing the internal pores with a glassy phase [40]. The results of the ANOVA for compressive strength are given in Table 18.…”

Incorporation of Glass and Plastic Waste into Alkali-Activated Mill Residue Bricks

“…This was attributed to the re-vitrification of glass particles during high-temperature firing [27]. Additionally, some researchers found that glass waste had the potential to reduce the required temperature for the sintering process because of the presence of sodium oxide and calcium oxide in the glass [29,30]. Moreover, due to the extremely high temperature triggering the crystalline restructuring, fired bricks become a desirable article to immobilize the glass waste containing hazardous substances [2,24,31].…”