Effect of Crosslinking Agent Concentration on the Properties of Unmedicated Hydrogels

Wong, Rachel Shet Hui; Ashton, Mark; Dodou, Kalliopi

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics7030305

Cited by 200 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…The following equation suggested by Flory and Rehner was used to estimate

{\overset{M}{true}}_{c}

\frac{1}{{\overset{M}{true}}_{c}} = \frac{2}{{\overset{M}{true}}_{n}} - \frac{(|, \frac{\bar{ʋ}}{V_{1}}) ([|, normalln (|, 1 - V_{2, s}) + V_{2, s} + x_{1} true(V_{2, S} true) ²)}{true[(|, V_{2, S}) 1 / 3 - \frac{V_{2, s}}{2} true]}

where

{\overset{M}{true}}_{n}

is the number average molecular weight of initial uncrosslinked polymer in the absence of crosslinking agent ( M w cellulose = 570,000 g/mol),

\bar{ʋ}

is the specific volume of polymer (i.e., the reciprocal of polymer density,

\bar{v}

= 0.666 cm 3 /g for BC), V 1 is the molar volume of water (18.1 cm 3 /mol), V 2 ,S is the polymer fraction, and χ 1 is the polymer–solvent interaction parameter (for water–celullose interaction, χ 1 = 1.2 at ∼25°C . The polymer volume fraction ( V 2,S ) was determined as follows:

V_{2, s} = [1 + \frac{ρ_{normalp}}{ρ_{normalw}} (\frac{M_{normals}}{M_{<...>}})]

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose‐based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid

et al. 2016

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The use of bacterial cellulose (BC)-based hydrogel has been gaining attention owing to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. This study was designed to investigate the effect of radiation doses and acrylic acid (AA) composition on in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of BC/AA as wound dressing materials. Physical properties of the hydrogel, that is, thickness, adhesiveness, rate of water vapor transmission, and swelling were measured. Moreover, the effect of these parameters on skin irritation and sensitization, blood compatibility, and cytotoxicity was studied. Increased AA content and irradiation doses increased the thickness, crosslinking density, and improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogel, but reduced its adhesiveness. The swelling capacity of the hydrogel increased significantly with a decrease in the AA composition in simulated wound fluid. The water vapor permeability of polymeric hydrogels was in the range of 2035-2666 [g/(m day )]. Dermal irritation and sensitization test demonstrated that the hydrogel was nonirritant and nonallergic. The BC/AA hydrogel was found to be nontoxic to primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% and was found to be biocompatible with blood with a low hemolytic index (0.80-1.30%). Collectively, these results indicate that these hydrogels have the potential to be used as wound dressings. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2553-2564, 2017.

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“…The following equation suggested by Flory and Rehner was used to estimate

{\overset{M}{true}}_{c}

\frac{1}{{\overset{M}{true}}_{c}} = \frac{2}{{\overset{M}{true}}_{n}} - \frac{(|, \frac{\bar{ʋ}}{V_{1}}) ([|, normalln (|, 1 - V_{2, s}) + V_{2, s} + x_{1} true(V_{2, S} true) ²)}{true[(|, V_{2, S}) 1 / 3 - \frac{V_{2, s}}{2} true]}

where

{\overset{M}{true}}_{n}

is the number average molecular weight of initial uncrosslinked polymer in the absence of crosslinking agent ( M w cellulose = 570,000 g/mol),

\bar{ʋ}

is the specific volume of polymer (i.e., the reciprocal of polymer density,

\bar{v}

V_{2, s} = [1 + \frac{ρ_{normalp}}{ρ_{normalw}} (\frac{M_{normals}}{M_{<...>}})]

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose‐based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid

et al. 2016

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“…With the increase of cross-linker concentration, the degree of cross-linking is increased (Caillard et al, 2008;Wong et al, 2015), thus enhancing hydrogel stability and resistance towards enzymatic degradation.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the effect of mixing approach on cross-linking efficiency of hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel cross-linked with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether

Al-Sibani

Al‐Harrasi

Neubert

2016

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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“…As previously reported, the swelling index depends on the nature of the polymer, the average molecular weight, the rigidity of the polymer chain, the degree of crosslinking, and the network mesh size as well as external conditions, such as pH and temperature . Moreover, the swelling index observed could be related with the absorption mechanism, which is determined by the diffusion process of water into the pores of hydrogel…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Methamidophos removal from aqueous solutions using a super adsorbent based on crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel

Valdés

Ávila-Salas

Maricán

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study describes the absorption of methamidophos (MMP) from aqueous solution by crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel synthesized using malic acid (MA) as a crosslinker (CLPHMA). The prepared hydrogels were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and the thermal properties were studied by using thermal gravimetric analysis. Also, the swelling index as a function of PVA:MA composition and pH were studied. An in silico rational study, which involved all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations of PVA:MA systems in proportions 10:2, 10:4, and 10:6 was performed. The in silico studies concluded that the more suitable crosslinking degree for MMP pesticide removal is with the 20% (wt %) of crosslinker (CLPHMA‐20). The experimental analysis of MMP removal with CLPHMA was performed as well. It was found that the prepared CLPHMA‐20 had a great efficiency to recover around 86% of MMP from their solutions. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45964.

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Effect of Crosslinking Agent Concentration on the Properties of Unmedicated Hydrogels

Cited by 200 publications

References 24 publications

Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose‐based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid

Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose‐based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid

Study of the effect of mixing approach on cross-linking efficiency of hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel cross-linked with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether

Methamidophos removal from aqueous solutions using a super adsorbent based on crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel

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