Effect of Craniofacial Morphology on Pharyngeal Airway Volume Measured Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)—A Retrospective Pilot Study

Diwakar, Rohan; Kochhar, Anuraj Singh; Gupta, Harshita; Kaur, Harneet; Sidhu, Maninder Singh; Skountrianos, Helen; Singh, Gurkeerat; Tepedino, Michele

doi:10.3390/ijerph18095040

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…A recent retrospective study by Diwakar et al 2021, focused on the effect of craniofacial morphology on pharyngeal airway volume calculated using CBCT. An important finding of this study is that pharyngeal airway space differs significantly between males and females [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in the Constricted Airway in Patients after Clear Aligner Treatment: A Retrospective Study

Fountoulaki

Thurzo

2022

Diagnostics

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This retrospective study evaluated changes in the pharyngeal portion of the upper airway in patients with constricted and normal airways treated with clear aligners (Invisalign, Align). Additionally, we assessed the change of tongue position in the oral cavity from a lateral view. Evaluation was performed with specialized software (Invivo 6.0, Anatomage) on pretreatment and post-treatment pairs of cone beam computed tomography imaging (CBCT) data. The level of airway constriction, volume, cross-section minimal area and tongue profile were evaluated. Patients with malocclusion, with pair or initial and finishing CBCT and without significant weight change between the scans, treated with Invisalign clear aligners were distributed into two groups. Group A consisted of fifty-five patients with orthodontic malocclusion and constricted upper airway. Control group B consisted of thirty-one patients with orthodontic malocclusions without any airway constriction. In the group with airway constriction there was a statistically significant increase in volume during therapy (p < 0.001). The surface of the most constricted cross-section of the airway did not change significantly after treatment in any of the groups. The final tongue position was different from the initial position in 62.2% of all clear aligner treatments. The position of the smallest clearance of the airway in the pharynx was similar for both groups localized at the level of 2nd cervical vertebra.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in the Constricted Airway in Patients after Clear Aligner Treatment: A Retrospective Study

Fountoulaki

Thurzo

2022

Diagnostics

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“…A recent retrospective study published by Diwakar et al 2021, focused on the effect of craniofacial morphology on pharyngeal airway volume that was calculated using CBCT. Important finding of this study is that pharyngeal airway space differs significantly between males and females [58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in the Constricted Airway in Patients after Clear Aligner Treatment: Retrospective Study

Fountoulaki¹,

Thurzo²

2022

Preprint

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This retrospective study evaluated changes in the pharyngeal portion of the upper airway in pa-tients with constricted and normal airway treated with clear aligners (Invisalign, Align). Additionally, the paper has assessed the change of tongue position in the oral cavity from lateral view. Evaluation was performed with specialized software (Invivo 6.0, Anatomage) on pre-treatment and posttreatment pairs of cone beam computed tomography imaging (CBCT) data. The level of airway constriction, volume, cross-section minimal area, and tongue profile were evaluated. Patients with malocclusion, with pair or initial and finishing CBCT and without sig-nificant weight change between the scans, treated with Invisalign clear aligners were distributed in two groups. Group A consisted of fifty-five patients with orthodontic malocclusion and con-stricted upper airway. Control group B consisted of thirty-one patients with orthodontic malocclusions without any airway constriction. In the group with airway constriction, there was a statistically significant increase in volume during therapy (p<0.001). The surface of the most con-stricted cross-section of airway did not change significantly after treatment in any of the groups. The airway constriction was most frequently localized at the level of 2nd cervical vertebra. The final tongue position was different from initial in 62.2% of all clear aligner treatments.

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“…Most non-extraction patients in our study used CBCT only because of factors related to implant restoration and impacted teeth, which caused a small sample size of control group. Secondly, the airway could be easily influenced by factors such as age, sex, weight, head position, breathing mode, and tongue position [ 32 , 33 ]. The upper airway size increases until 20 years of age and decreases thereafter [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oropharynx and hyoid bone changes in female extraction patients with distinct sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns: a retrospective study

et al. 2022

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Background Previous studies have reported inconsistent effects of premolar extraction on the oropharynx and hyoid bones. Currently, no strong evidence is available regarding the effect of extraction on upper airway size. Hence, the aim of this study was to analyse the effects of first premolar extraction on the oropharynx and hyoid bone positions in female adult patients, and further explored differences in oropharynx and hyoid bone changes among skeletal patterns. Methods The study population included 40 female adult patients who did not undergo extraction and 120 female adult patients who underwent extraction of four premolars; the including patients had four distinct sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns. Cone-beam computed tomography was performed before (T0) and after (T1) orthodontic treatment. Eight oropharynx variables and five hyoid bone variables were measured using Dolphin 3D Imaging software. Paired and independent t-tests were used to analyse measurements between timepoints and groups, respectively. Results The oropharynx volume increased significantly in the extraction group; changes did not differ significantly between extraction and non-extraction groups. Oropharynx variables did not differ significantly at T0 among the four skeletal pattern groups. After orthodontic extraction treatment, the oropharynx volume increased significantly in the class I-norm and class I-hyper subgroups, but not in the class II-norm and class II-hyper subgroups. Significant increases were observed in the oropharynx volume and most constricted axial area from T0 to T1 in the moderate retraction group, but not in the maximum retraction group. Extraction patients exhibited significant posterior movement of the hyoid, particularly among maximum retraction patients. Conclusions In female adult patients, first premolar extraction tends to increase the oropharynx size and cause posterior movement of the hyoid bone, particularly in skeletal class I patients. For skeletal class II and hyperdivergent patients with a narrow oropharynx, first premolar extraction does not negatively influence oropharynx size or hyoid bone position. The differences of oropharyngeal changes between moderate retraction patients and maximum retraction patients were not significant.

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Effect of Craniofacial Morphology on Pharyngeal Airway Volume Measured Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)—A Retrospective Pilot Study

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

Change in the Constricted Airway in Patients after Clear Aligner Treatment: A Retrospective Study

Change in the Constricted Airway in Patients after Clear Aligner Treatment: A Retrospective Study

Change in the Constricted Airway in Patients after Clear Aligner Treatment: Retrospective Study

Oropharynx and hyoid bone changes in female extraction patients with distinct sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns: a retrospective study

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