Effect of COVID-19 on Serum Activity of Liver Enzymes: Is This Associated with Severity and Mortality Rate?

Abstract

Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection caused by a novel coronavirus known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease raises an enormous public health challenge for the international community. Liver enzymes have been reported to be frequently elevated in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Materials and Methods This article is a narrative review of abnormal liver tests and liver injury as a manifestation of progression to severe pneumonia. We collected data from the PubMed database (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States). We used the search term “abnormal liver test” and relevant records were measured. The review article was organized thematically. Results This narrative review aims to summarize the available clinical data on abnormal liver enzymes in coronavirus infection and its association with the risk of mortality, severer pneumonia, and systemic inflammation. Some clinical studies refer to abnormal liver tests and liver injury as a manifestation of progression to severe pneumonia. Recent research verified the relationship between hepatic liver enzyme activities and liver damage in patients with COVID-19, which suggested that it might reflect the infection severity and the mortality risk. Thus, this review investigated the correlation between liver serum enzymes level and the severity of COVID-19 patients, by reviewing investigating the relationship between the illness severity in COVID-19 patients with abnormal liver tests, liver pathology, and markers of inflammation. Conclusion In the current pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, abnormalities of liver enzyme tests were commonly observed in patients with COVID-19. However, because of multiorgan damages that observed in COVID-19 patients, various issues should be considered such as the pathology and pathophysiology of the liver tissue, especially on the activation process of the immune response and cytokine storm to prevent the severity of the disease.