Effect of Coronal Mass Ejection on Earth’s Magnetic Field during Ascending Phase of Solar Cycles 23-24

Abstract

We have studied the width and speed of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and geomagnetic disturbance storm time (Dst) Index during ascending phase of solar cycles 23 and 24. We have classified total CMEs according to angular width and speed for the ascending period 1996-2002 and 2008-2014. We have found that the width of 62% CMEs is narrow, and 3% are Halo for the solar cycle 23 and 73% CMEs are narrow, and 2% CMEs are Halo for the solar cycle 24. The speed distribution of 65% CMEs has speed ≤ 500 km/sec and 4% CMEs has speed > 1000 km/sec for solar cycle 23 and 84% CMEs has speed ≤ 500 km/sec and 1% CMEs has speed > 1000 km/sec in cycle 24. The relationship between width and speed is more pronounced for fast ejecta (>1000 km/sec.), while slower ejecta shows more astronomically immense scatter. We have reported that the correlation between Dst and CMEs for ascending phase of solar cycle 24 is less than as compare to ascending phase of solar cycle 23.

South Atlantic Anomalyduring ascending and maximum phase of solar cycle 24

“…The disturbance storm time index (Dst) is a measure of geomagnetic activity used to assess the magnetic storms and it is affected by solar output (Nigam et al, 2017). For the study on the effect of coronal mass ejection on Earth's magnetic field during ascending phase of solar cycles 23-24, it has been conducted by Nigam et al (2017). In the research, the studied of the width as well as the speed of the coronal mass ejections along with the Dst index has been made throughout the ascending phase of solar cycles 23 as well as 24.…”

Solar wind plasma associated with Dst -50 nT during solar cycle 24

“…Geomagnetic storms represent the single most important space weather phenomenon and are also an exciting and rewarding topic that covers an interesting spectrum of ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions (Singh et al, 2010). The occurrence of geomagnetic storms is well associated with the coronal mass ejection (CME), occurring close to the solar disk center (Zhang et al, 2003;Gopalswamy et al, 2007;Nigam et al, 2017). The magnetosphere, ionosphere, and upper atmosphere causes a significant impact on the environment near the Earth space leading to disruptions, adverse effects on satellite communications, and electrical energy etc (Lakhina, 1994;Gonzalez et al, 1994).…”