Effect of Copper, MDA, and Accelerated Aging on Jet Fuel Thermal Stability As Measured by the Gravimetric JFTOT

Pande, Seetar G.; Hardy, Dennis R.

doi:10.1021/ef00049a026

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…These observations favor MDA introduction in small concentrations (2 mg/L) in all blends, even when the presence of metals is uncertain. This finding supports Pande and Hardy [22][23][24] in their arguments for introducing somewhat higher concentrations of MDA at the refinerysin particular, for JP-5 fuels that may subsequently be exposed to high levels of Cu contamination.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Autoxidation of Neat and Blended Aviation Fuels

Jones

Balster

1998

Energy Fuels

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The liquid-phase oxidation of eight fuels and a series of 1:1 blends has been studied at elevated temperature and pressure to simulate some of the chemical-reaction conditions that cause surface fouling in aircraft fuel lines. The time, t, needed to deplete dissolved O 2 by 50% was determined for each blend and component fuel. No simple relationship was found, i.e., linking t for blends and component fuels, attesting to the complexity of aviation-fuel autoxidation. About one-half of the blends oxidize with t being intermediate between the two components. However, many blends between fuels of low thermal stability and fuels which have been severely hydrotreated are found to exhibit unusually slow oxidation, with t being greater than that measured for either component. This phenomenon is not well understood; possible explanations focus on synergistic effects among natural antioxidants, dissolved metals, and aromatics in the blends. Measurements of surface fouling in blends selected for their unusually slow oxidation indicate that thermal stability of fuels can be improved by blending with a paraffinic/cycloparaffinic solvent. Improvements in thermal stability of 1:1 blends are comparable to those achieved by introducing conventional fuel additives.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Autoxidation of Neat and Blended Aviation Fuels

Jones

Balster

1998

Energy Fuels

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“…In addition, as found by other researchers, the rate of fuel oxidation (especially at high temperatures) is affected by the presence of metal ions [13]. According to Clark, Cu 2+ cations catalyze the self-oxidation process, thus accelerating the initiation step, that is, the formation of free radicals [13,14]:…”

Section: B For Diesel Fuelmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Readily oxidized substances A are oxidized by this form of oxygen, forming peroxides, an initial product of self-oxidation of hydrocarbons (the peroxide theory). A molecule of atmospheric oxygen, when contacted with the fuel, will behave like an unsaturated compound and may react without being broken into atoms beforehand, according to the reaction (12,13). The resulting peroxides may give away part of their oxygen to other, less readily oxidized substances, which results in oxidation of the latter.…”

Section: Chemical Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, one cannot say without hesitation that the amount of deposit depends solely on the concentration of hydroperoxides [13]. Harde's research team has studied [15] fuels which, in spite of a high content of ROOH, demonstrated higher thermal stabilities in comparison with the fuels in which a lower amount of hydroperoxides was formed.…”

Section: B For Diesel Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid Fuel Ageing Processes in Long-term Storage Conditions

Owczuk¹,

Kołodziejczyk²

2015

Storage Stability of Fuels

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“…The behavior of MDA+BHT is approximately equal to the average of the individual additive effects in improving thermal stability for short times, but the benefits disappear at higher conversion. This combination of antioxidant and MDA has been reported to improve long-term storage stability in Cu-containing diesel fuels (Golubeva et al, 1994), and it has recently been postulated that MDA is effective only when introduced at the refinery, i.e., prior to Cu exposure (Pande and Hardy, 1995). The impact of the dispersant is greater than that of the antioxidant and MDA.…”

Section: Antioxidant and Dispersant Used In Combination With Mdamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Metal Deactivator and Other Additives in Reducing Insolubles in Aviation Fuels

Jones

Balster

1996

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations

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Surface fouling in aircraft fuel lines resulting from autoxidation of aviation fuel leads to reduced efficiency as deposits collect on heat exchangers, nozzles, and servocontrols and may ultimately lead to system failure. Metal surfaces and trace quantities of metals dissolved in the fuel exacerbate the surface-fouling problem because they can catalyze free-radical initiation, thereby accelerating autoxidation. Additives and additive packages containing antioxidants, dispersants, and metal deactivators (MDA) have been shown to reduce insolubles in some fuels. Because of metal chelation and possible metal-surface passivation, MDA has been proposed as an additive component to be included in all fuels, even those without dissolved metals. The goal of the present study was to obtain fundamental information on the behavior of MDA under conditions where surface-passivation effects are minimal. Experiments have been conducted to 1) study the effects of adding MDA to fuels containing a significant concentration of dissolved metals (i.e., chelation) and to those containing minor concentrations of dissolved metals and 2) investigate interactions when MDA is used in conjunction with an antioxidant and a dispersant. Simple fuel-line-fouling simulations with a single-pass tubular heat exchanger operated under near-isothermal conditions have been conducted to study the thermal behavior at 185°C of several neat and MDA-treated jet fuels as well as fuels treated with MDA plus other additives. Comparison of neat and treated fuels is based on several criteria: 1) dependence of autoxidation on stress duration, 2) dependence of surface deposition on stress duration, and 3) quantity of total insolubles (bulk filterables and surface deposits). Potential advantages and disadvantages of using MDA alone and in combination are discussed.

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Effect of Copper, MDA, and Accelerated Aging on Jet Fuel Thermal Stability As Measured by the Gravimetric JFTOT

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Autoxidation of Neat and Blended Aviation Fuels

Autoxidation of Neat and Blended Aviation Fuels

Liquid Fuel Ageing Processes in Long-term Storage Conditions

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Metal Deactivator and Other Additives in Reducing Insolubles in Aviation Fuels

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