Effect of copper content on the properties of electroless Ni–Cu–P coatings prepared on magnesium alloys

Liu, Junjun; Wang, Xudong; Tian, Zhiyong; Yuan, Mengwei; Ma, Xiaohai

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.08.072

Cited by 41 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Nonetheless, few studies additionally reported about the hardness and tribological performance of the coating. 5,7,9,[19][20][21][22] Balaraju and Rajam 5 obtained as-deposited hardness of Ni-P-Cu almost similar to Ni-P coating (444 HV) and the same increases almost two folds (819 HV) after heat treatment at 400 C for 1 h. The increase in hardness upon heating is caused by the precipitation of crystalline NiCu and Ni 3 P phases from the amorphous state. 23 Besides, the increase in Cu concentration in the coating brings about a reduction in its hardness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effect of copper incorporation on phase transformation behavior of electroless nickel–phosphorous coating and its effect on the tribological behavior

Biswas

Das

Sahoo

2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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The microstructural changes of electroless Ni–P–Cu coating at various heat-treatment conditions are investigated to understand its implications on the tribological behavior of the coating. Coatings are heat-treated at temperatures ranging between 200°C and 800 °C and for 1–4 h duration. Ni–P–Cu coatings exhibit two-phase transformations in the temperature range of 350–450 °C and the resulting microstructural changes are found to significantly affect their thermal stability and tribological attributes. Hardness of the coating doubles when heat-treated at 452 °C, due to the formation of harder Ni3P phase and crystalline NiCu. Better friction and wear performance are also noted upon heat treatment of the coating at the phase transformation regime, particularly at 400 °C. Wear mechanism is characterized by a mixed adhesive cum abrasive wear phenomena. Heat treatment at higher temperature (600 °C and above) and longer duration (4 h) results in grain coarsening phenomenon, which negatively influences the hardness and tribological characteristics of the coating. Besides, diffusion of iron from the ferrous substrate as well as greater oxide formation are noticed when the coating is heat-treated at higher temperatures and for longer durations (4 h).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effect of copper incorporation on phase transformation behavior of electroless nickel–phosphorous coating and its effect on the tribological behavior

Biswas

Das

Sahoo

2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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“…Inclusion of Mo or W improves thermal stability of EN coatings, tribological characteristics, and corrosion resistance [14][15][16][17][18]. Inclusion of Cu also leads to an improvement in corrosion resistance [19]. Recently, EN nano-composites have gained attention because they exhibit improved hardness, corrosion resistance, and tribological characteristics compared with the alloy coatings [20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Tribological Behavior of Electroless Ni–B, Ni–B–Mo, and Ni–B–W Coatings at Room and High Temperatures

et al. 2018

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Ni-B alloys deposited by the electroless method are considered to be hard variants of the electroless nickel family. Inclusion of Mo or W to form ternary alloys improves the thermal stability of electroless nickel coatings. Therefore, in the present work, Ni-B, Ni-B-Mo, and Ni-B-W coatings are deposited; and their tribological behavior at room and high temperatures are investigated. Electroless Ni-B, Ni-B-Mo, and Ni-B-W coatings are deposited on AISI 1040 steel substrates. The coatings are heat treated to improve their mechanical properties and crystallinity. Tribological behavior of the coatings is determined on a pin-on-disc type tribological test setup using various applied normal loads (10-50 N) and sliding speeds (0.25-0.42 m/s) to measure wear and coefficient of friction at different operating temperatures (25 • C-500 • C). Ni-B-W coatings are observed to have higher wear resistance than Ni-B or Ni-B-Mo coatings throughout the temperature range considered. Although for coefficient of friction, no such trend is observed. The worn surface of the coatings at 500 • C is characterized by lubricious oxide glazes, which lead to enhanced tribological behavior compared with that at 100 • C. A study of the coating characteristics such as composition, phase transformations, surface morphology, and microhardness is also carried out prior to tribological tests. Lubricants 2018, 6, 67 2 of 17The Ni-B alloy coating has higher wear resistance and low COF compared with Ni-P alloy [23]. This is attributed to the high hardness, self-lubricating microstructure and columnar growths [24]. Consequently, a reduction in the actual contact area takes place, thereby improving the tribological characteristics [25]. Suitable treatments of Ni-B coatings may even lead to microhardness that is equivalent to chromium [26]. As a result of this, Ni-B coatings are considered to be a suitable alternative to chromium, which has environmental concerns. Friction and wear characteristics of magnesium and aluminium alloys that are widely used commercially could be improved by Ni-B alloy deposition [27]. An improvement of tribological behavior of Ni-B coatings is also achieved on inclusion of W or Mo [28,29]. In fact, co-deposition of nano Al 2 O 3 results in an increase in microhardness bỹ 290 HV 100 [30]. The mass loss and COF of Ni-B-Al 2 O 3 coatings is almost six and two times lower, respectively, in comparison with Ni-B alloy in as-deposited state. Similar results have been also observed on inclusion of B 4 C nano-particles [31]. Impregnation of Ni-B coatings with PTFE (40%) results in a COF as low as <0.1 in non-lubricated, as well as 3.5% NaCl lubricated sliding condition [32]. Electroless Ni-B coatings have been applied in greaseless guns and barrel bores that are subjected to hostile environments proving to be a suitable replacement to chromium [33]. Recent studies have focused attention on duplex and multi-layer coatings that possess intermediate/enhanced tribological characteristics compared with the single layered binary alloys [34,35]....

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“…those that can be deposited individually and those that can be only codeposited. The former group consists of metals that are much nobler than Ni, like Ag [54][55][56][57] and Cu [58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68]; metals that have similar standard potentials, such as Co [69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76] and Sn [77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85]; and metals that are more cathodic, like Cr [86,87], Zn [88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100] and Mn [101]…”

Section: Deposition Of Ni Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also shift the corrosion to more anodic regions. Noble metals inside the coatings can reduce the free energy of the alloy and suppress the cathodic reactions by increasing the over-potential of hydrogen evolution[30,58,61]. Low Cu content Ni-Cu-P films found to have a lower friction coefficient, and a lower roughness[66].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cu/Ni/Au multilayers by electrochemistry: A crucial system in electronics - A critical review

Bahramian¹,

Eyraud²,

Vacandio³

et al. 2019

Microelectronic Engineering

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Effect of copper content on the properties of electroless Ni–Cu–P coatings prepared on magnesium alloys

Cited by 41 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of copper incorporation on phase transformation behavior of electroless nickel–phosphorous coating and its effect on the tribological behavior

Effect of copper incorporation on phase transformation behavior of electroless nickel–phosphorous coating and its effect on the tribological behavior

Comparative Study of Tribological Behavior of Electroless Ni–B, Ni–B–Mo, and Ni–B–W Coatings at Room and High Temperatures

Cu/Ni/Au multilayers by electrochemistry: A crucial system in electronics - A critical review

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