Effect of Convential and Bio Fertilizers on Growth and Pest Control of Common Bean Plants, Phaseolus Vulgaris L. Under Two Climatic Eco System

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted under open field and net-covered greenhouse at El-Qanater Research Station Farm in Qalubiya Governorate, affiliated to Horticulture Research Institute, ARC Egypt, along two successive early summer seasons of 2020 and 2021 to investigate the effect of different types of bio fertilizers, compost and NPK on growth and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The population fluctuation of sap-sucking insect pests as aphid, Aphid gosspyii (Glov.), and white fly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) attacking common bean were studied. The obtained results indicated that the maximum air temperature ( o C) was decreased, but minimum air temperature ( o C) and the relative humidity % were increased under net-covered greenhouse compared with open field. The growth parameters i.e., plant length, number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area, stem diameter, fresh and dry weight were increased under net-covered greenhouse compare to open field. NPK content of leaves as well as yield and its components were increased compared with open field conditions. The half dose of NPK (50%) and nitrobein or Phosphoren gave the highest values of growth, nutrient content and yield, followed by the full dose of mineral fertilizer (100% NPK) compared with compost and control treatments. Using bio-fertilizers enhanced nutrients absorption for plants duo to the ability of those microorganism to solubilize the unavailable minerals in the soil and increased the efficiency of mixed dose of NPK fertilizer compared to individual full dose of NPK. The statistical analysis of the obtained data revealed that there were significant differences in white fly and aphid stages among most of the tested treatments under field conditions and green house. The highest infestation rates by whitefly and aphids were recorded at NPK fertilizer treatment, and the lower rates infestation were recorded at B.t and half recommended rate of NPK + Nitrobein treatments, under field conditions of 2020/2021 season. The highest reduction percentages of whitefly and aphid populations were recorded in the treatments of B.t, resulting 66.35, 59.71, 63.78 and 75.82 % under open field and green house conditions of the first and second seasons, for white fly, and 70.76, 69.66, 51.39 and 89.9 % for aphid respectively, followed by the treatments of half recommended rate of NPK + Nitrobein and half recommended rate NPK + Phosphoren. On the other hand, the lowest reduction percentages were recorded in treatments of one recommended rate of NPK and compost under open field and green house conditions of the first and second seasons.