Effect of contaminations on the acoustic emissions during wire and arc additive manufacturing of 316L stainless steel

Ramalho, André; Santos, Telmo G.; Bevans, Ben; Smoqi, Ziyad; Rao, Prahalada; Oliveira, J.P.

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2021.102585

Cited by 57 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Process monitoring is an area of intense research and development within the AM community and is viewed as a key enabling technology for AM to reach larger acceptance in manufacturing environments [ 85 ]. By monitoring the process such as by from optical [ 86 ], thermal [ 87 ] or acoustic emissions [ 88 ], it is possible to glean a significant amount of information about the process. These process signals can be used for quality assurance, process monitoring, or for fundamental research into elucidating the underlying physical mechanisms present during the AM process.…”

Section: Process Monitoring and Control Within Metal Ammentioning

confidence: 99%

Digitisation of metal AM for part microstructure and property control

et al. 2022

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Metal additive manufacturing, which uses a layer-by-layer approach to fabricate parts, has many potential advantages over conventional techniques, including the ability to produced complex geometries, fast new design part production, personalised production, have lower cost and produce less material waste. While these advantages make AM an attractive option for industry, determining process parameters which result in specific properties, such as the level of porosity and tensile strength, can be a long and costly endeavour. In this review, the state-of-the-art in the control of part properties in AM is examined, including the effect of microstructure on part properties. The simulation of microstructure formation via numerical simulation and machine learning is examined which can provide process quality control and has the potential to aid in rapid process optimisation via closed loop control. In-situ monitoring of the AM process, is also discussed as a route to enable first time right production in the AM process, along with the hybrid approach of AM fabrication with post-processing steps such as shock peening, heat treatment and rolling. At the end of the paper, an outlook is presented with a view towards potential avenues for further research required in the field of metal AM.

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Section: Process Monitoring and Control Within Metal Ammentioning

confidence: 99%

Digitisation of metal AM for part microstructure and property control

et al. 2022

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“…The development of new production technologies, including additive manufacturing (AM), is focused not only on obtaining new advanced materials, but also on adapting the technological cycles to produce industrially important alloys. Austenitic stainless steels represent one of the master materials used in many industries, including additive manufacturing (AM), due to their good ductility, weldability, and corrosion resistance [1][2][3][4]. Despite this, stainless steels obtained by AM have low yield strength, microhardness, and wear resistance similar to the counterparts produced by conventional methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the electron-beam additive manufacturing (EBAM) process, a wire of standard grades of austenitic stainless steels on a chromium-nickel base (AISI 300-type) is usually used [1,[3][4][5][6]. A high deposition rate allows to produce products of various shapes and sizes, but their phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties differ significantly from the raw material (wire or rods) used in the EBAM process [1,[3][4][5][6]. An additional disadvantage associated with the AM of austenitic stainless steels is the anisotropy of the grain structure and the inhomogeneity of the phase composition, which causes a strong anisotropy of their mechanical properties and could reduce the strength characteristics and ductility of such materials [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Ion-Plasma Nitriding on Phase Composition and Tensile Properties of AISI 321-Type Stainless Steel Produced by Wire-Feed Electron-Beam Additive Manufacturing

Moskvina

Астафурова

Астафуров

et al. 2022

Metals

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We study the effect of ion-plasma surface nitriding on the phase composition, microstructure, surface microhardness, and tensile properties of the AISI 321-type stainless steel produced by wire-feed electron-beam additive manufacturing (EBAM). Ion-plasma nitriding at 550 °C for 12 h in N2/H2 gases provides the formation of a 10-μm thick surface layer with solid solution strengthening by nitrogen atoms (Fe-γN и Fe-αN) and dispersion hardening (γ’-Fe4N) with a fivefold increase in surface hardness up to ≈12 GPa. Surface ion-plasma nitriding of additively produced steel does not affect the anisotropy of mechanical properties, but rather increases the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength while maintaining high plasticity in the specimens. In specimens after ion-plasma nitriding, the fracture mechanism changes from initially ductile to a quasi-brittle fracture near the surface and ductile transgranular mode in the central parts of the specimens. The nitrided layer fractured in a transgranular brittle manner with the formation of quasi-cleavage facets and secondary cracks near the surface of the specimens. Brittle fracture of the compositional layer occurs due to the complex solid solution strengthening and particle hardening of austenite.

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“…The AM process refers to technologies that employ to fabricate the three-dimensional object layer by layer using powder, wire, or each other in the forming [1]. This wire AM process is capable of producing massive metallic components along with high production rates, low waste of material, reduced manufacture time, and created complicated parts with near-net shape [2] in comparison to traditional production technologies. For the deposition of wire metal, the deposited metal is created as a bead into the desired pattern (side by side or layer by layer) for the manufacture of perfect parts including the additional features of the parts.…”

Section: Introductionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of hot-wire laser deposition for the additive manufacturing of titanium parts

Naksuk¹,

Poolperm²,

Nakngoenthong³

et al. 2022

Mater. Res. Express

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The hot-wire laser welding is additive manufacturing (AM) technique, complex parts can be created directly by melting layers of wire. This process is characterized by the use of hot-wire process, a combination with the laser welding (LW) process in the AM process. In this research, the experimental investigation of additive manufacturing using a hot-wire laser welding on titanium alloy (grade 2) parts. The parameters in the hot-wire laser process of which there are three: (1) the welding speed, (2) wire current, and (3) wire feeding speed; this research examined the porosities, microhardness, tensile stress, and residual stress. The filler metal used titanium AMS (American welding society) 4951F (grade 2) welding wire and has a diameter of 1.6 mm. Finally, the appropriate hot wire laser welding parameters are 0.183 cm/s for welding speed, 40 A for wire current, and 1.00 m/min for wire feeding speed, which will give the average Vicker microhardness of 321.00-345.80 HV, the average tensile strength of 432.02 MPa (substrate); 670.30 MPa (horizontal direction), 497.39 MPa (Vertical direction).

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Effect of contaminations on the acoustic emissions during wire and arc additive manufacturing of 316L stainless steel

Cited by 57 publications

References 17 publications

Digitisation of metal AM for part microstructure and property control

Digitisation of metal AM for part microstructure and property control

Effect of Ion-Plasma Nitriding on Phase Composition and Tensile Properties of AISI 321-Type Stainless Steel Produced by Wire-Feed Electron-Beam Additive Manufacturing

Experimental investigation of hot-wire laser deposition for the additive manufacturing of titanium parts

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