Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation on Inflammatory Factors and Matrix Metalloproteinase Enzymes in Rectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemoradiotherapy

Abstract

Objectives. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on inflammatory factors and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes in rectal cancer patients undergoing chemoradiothetrapy. Method and Material. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study, 34 volunteer patients with rectal cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy assigned into the CLA group (n = 16), receiving 3 g CLA/d, and placebo group (n = 18) receiving placebo capsules (sunflower oil) for 6 weeks. The supplementation began 1 week before starting RT (loading period) and continued every day during treatment. Before and after intervention, serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, MMP-2, MMP-9, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and immunoturbidimetric method, respectively. Independent t tests and paired t tests were used to compare parameters between and within groups, respectively. Results. In the CLA group, the mean serum TNF-α, IL-1β, hsCRP, MMP-9, and MMP-2 levels reduced insignificantly. However, significant changes in TNF-α (P = 0.04), hsCRP (P = 0.03), and MMP-9 (P = 0.04) concentrations were observed in the CLA group when compared with the placebo group. The mean serum IL-6 level remained unchanged in the CLA group but increased remarkably in the placebo group. Conclusion. According to our results, CLA supplementation improved inflammatory factors, MMP-2, and MMP-9 as biomarkers of angiogenesis and tumor invasion. It seems that CLA may provide new complementary treatment by reducing tumor invasion and resistance to cancer treatment in patients with rectal cancer.

A comparative study of the fatty acid profiles in commercial sheep cheeses

“…Compared to cow and goat, sheep cheese had a lower thrombogenic index and intermediate concentrations of SFA, MUFA and PUFA (Table 1). Saturated FA are known to increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD; Williams et al, 2000), on the contrary, milk MUFA and PUFA (e.g., C18:2 c9, t11) can reduce the risk of CHD and prevent some types of cancer (Mohammadzadeh et al, 2013). However, there is a lack of scientific evidence that other SFA such as C4:0-C10:0 (short-and medium-chain FA; SMFA) have an effect on blood cholesterol and CHD risk (Astrup et al, 2011).…”

Thymoquinone Induces Cell Death in Human Squamous Carcinoma Cells via Caspase Activation-Dependent Apoptosis and LC3-II Activation-Dependent Autophagy

“…These natural compounds entail relatively low cost and elicit non-toxic effects; these compounds are also physiologically bioavailable and have multiple molecular targets in cancer chemoprevention [4], [23]. Natural products have been extensively investigated in the prevention or intervention of tumorigenesis and neoplastic progression in early stages prior to the onset of invasive malignant diseases [28]. However, several effective cancer chemotherapeutic drugs, such as doxorubicin and cisplatin, exhibit major drawbacks, including drug resistance and systemic toxicity.…”

Should the pharmacological actions of dietary fatty acids in cardiometabolic disorders be classified based on biological or chemical function?

“…However, in healthy subjects, CLA (3g/day for 12 weeks; 50:50 blend of c9,t11 and 22 t10,c12 isomers) increased plasma IgA and IgM but also decreased pro-inflammatory 23 cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β and increased the concentrations of the anti-inflammatory 24 cytokine, IL-10 [295]. Further, in patients with rectal cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy, 25 3 g/d CLA (50:50 blend of c9,t11 and t10,c12 isomers) for 6 weeks (1 week before and 5 26 weeks after chemoradiotherapy) reduced plasma TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, hsCRP, MMP-9 and 27 MMP-2 concentrations [333]. 28…”