Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on body fat accretion in overweight or obese children

Racine, Natalie M.; Watras, Abigail C; Carrel, Aaron L.; Allen, David B.; McVean, Jennifer; Clark, Robert; O'Brien, Abigail R; O’Shea, Marianne; Scott, Corey; Schoeller, Dale A.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28404

Cited by 98 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Indeed the majority of results on the anti-diabetic properties of CLA relate to studies where only fasting plasma or serum glucose or insulin have been measured, are not the main focus of the study and typically have small sample sizes. Given these limitations, it is perhaps not surprising that the overall results show no effects of CLA supplementation (56,61,62,65 -67,70,71,104,106,132,154) or consumption of CLA-enriched products (45,63,73,102,103) on glucose and insulin. However, supplementing with a CLA mixture has shown beneficial effects on insulin resistance in healthy male subjects (155) and type 2 diabetic subjects (74) .…”

Section: Conjugated Linoleic Acid Insulin Resistance and Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human health effects of conjugated linoleic acid from milk and supplements

et al. 2011

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The primary purpose of the present review was to determine if the scientific evidence available for potential human health benefits of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is sufficient to support health claims on foods based on milk naturally enriched with cis-9, trans-11-CLA (c9,t11-CLA). A search of the scientific literature was conducted and showed that almost all the promising research results that have emerged in relation to cancer, heart health, obesity, diabetes and bone health have been in animal models or in vitro. Most human intervention studies have utilised synthetic CLA supplements, usually a 50:50 blend of c9,t11-CLA and trans-10, cis-12-CLA (t10,c12-CLA). Of these studies, the only evidence that is broadly consistent is an effect on body fat and weight reduction. A previous review of the relevant studies found that 3.2 g CLA/d resulted in a modest body fat loss in human subjects of about 0.09 kg/week, but this effect was attributed to the t10,c12-CLA isomer. There is no evidence of a consistent benefit of c9,t11-CLA on any health conditions; and in fact both synthetic isomers, particularly t10,c12-CLA, have been suspected of having pro-diabetic effects in individuals who are already at risk of developing diabetes. Four published intervention studies using naturally enriched CLA products were identified; however, the results were inconclusive. This may be partly due to the differences in the concentration of CLA administered in animal and human studies. In conclusion, further substantiation of the scientific evidence relating to CLA and human health benefits are required before health claims can be confirmed.

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Section: Conjugated Linoleic Acid Insulin Resistance and Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…* Subjects exercising. (73) . However, in a few cases it has been noted that the largest reduction in BFM occurs in the lower body (for example, legs) (56,67) .…”

Section: Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human health effects of conjugated linoleic acid from milk and supplements

et al. 2011

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“…6,13,14 The results from these previous studies have been controversial, probably because the the objective of the human studies was the reduction of existing fat deposits, whereas in animals, the aim was to decrease the number of adipocytes and consequently reduce fat deposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Combined with Physical Activity Reduces Body Fat Accumulation But Does Not Modify Lean Body Mass in Male and Female Wistar Rats

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Donado‐Pestana

et al. 2012

Journal of Medicinal Food

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Several biological and clinical studies have suggested that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) prevents body fat accumulation and increases lean body mass. CLA is available as a concentrated dietary supplement and is purported to provide the aforementioned benefits for people who perform physical activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a CLA-supplemented diet combined with physical activity on the body composition of Wistar rats. Two groups of Wistar rats of both sexes, between 45 and 60 days old, were fed a diet containing 5.5% soybean oil (control group) or a CLA-supplemented diet (0.5% CLA and 5.0% soybean oil) (test group). Half the rats in both groups were assigned to exercise by running on a treadmill. The biochemical and anatomical body compositions were analyzed. In both groups, CLA had no effect on the dietary consumption or the weight of the liver, heart, and lungs. However, it did influence the overall weight gain of exercised male rats and the chemical and anatomical body composition in exercised and sedentary rats of both sexes. The results confirm that a CLA-supplemented diet with and without physical activity reduced body fat accumulation in rats of both sexes. However, there is no evidence of an increase in the lean body mass of the exercised rats.

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“…Since publication of the EFSA opinions, four additional randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in humans have been reported on the effects of CLA on fasting blood glucose and insulin concentrations and on the static surrogate marker of insulin resistance HOMA-IR (Joseph et al, 2011;Pfeuffer et al, 2011;Racine et al, 2010;Sluijs et al, 2010). None of these studies had insulin sensitivity or glucose homeostasis as a primary outcome, but rather body weight and body composition (Joseph et al, 2011;Racine et al, 2010), aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV, Sluijs et al, 2010), or endothelial function (Pfeuffer et al, 2011).…”

Section: Effects On Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…None of these studies had insulin sensitivity or glucose homeostasis as a primary outcome, but rather body weight and body composition (Joseph et al, 2011;Racine et al, 2010), aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV, Sluijs et al, 2010), or endothelial function (Pfeuffer et al, 2011).…”

Section: Effects On Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statement on the safety of the “conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) rich oils” Clarinol® and Tonalin® TG 80 as Novel Food ingredients

Products¹

2012

EFSA Journal

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Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies was asked to update its opinions on the safety of the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)‐rich oils Clarinol® and Tonalin® TG 80 as Novel Food ingredients in the light of additional information provided by Member States to the European Commission. Clarinol® and Tonalin® TG 80 consist of approximately 80% of the two CLA isomers c‐9, t‐11 and t‐10c‐12 (1:1). The applicants suggested a daily intake of CLA of 3g (3.75g Clarinol®) and 3.5g (4.5g Tonalin® TG 80), respectively. The Panel considers that the additional information provided does not contain evidence thath would modify its previous conclusions regarding the effects of CLA on insulin sensitivity/glucose metabolism, blood lipids, lipid peroxidation, or subclinical inflammation. The Panel also considers that the new studies provided do not address longer‐term (> 6 months) effects of CLA intake on insulin sensitivity, the arterial wall or liver steatosis, or the safety of CLA in type‐2 diabetic subjects, under the proposed conditions of use. The Panel concludes that the safety of Clarinol® and Tonalin® TG 80 has been established for the proposed uses and daily doses for up to six months. The safety of CLA consumption for periods longer than six months has not been established under the proposed conditions of use. The safety of CLA consumption by type‐2 diabetic subjects has not been established.

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Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on body fat accretion in overweight or obese children

Cited by 98 publications

References 34 publications

Human health effects of conjugated linoleic acid from milk and supplements

Human health effects of conjugated linoleic acid from milk and supplements

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Combined with Physical Activity Reduces Body Fat Accumulation But Does Not Modify Lean Body Mass in Male and Female Wistar Rats

Statement on the safety of the “conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) rich oils” Clarinol® and Tonalin® TG 80 as Novel Food ingredients

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