Effect of conductive carbon black on electrical conductivity and performance of tire tread compounds filled with carbon black/silica hybrid filler

Abstract

For green tires, carbon black (CB) is partially replaced by silica (SiO 2 ) in the tread formula in order to improve wet grip (WG) and fuel saving efficiency (FSE). However, such replacement inversely affects electrical conductivity of a tire resulting a greater potential for static shock or electrostatic ignition. This work aimed to improve electrical conductivity of the tread compound by partially replacing either CB or SiO 2 by 0-12 phr of conductive carbon black (CCB) (with replacing ratio of 2:1) and investigating the effect of such replacement on the tire performance. Although the partial replacement of CB or SiO 2 by CCB increased the magnitude of transient filler network resulting in the negative effects on heat build-up, WG and FSE of the tread vulcanizates, it significantly improved electrical conductivity. Surface resistivity decreased sharply when CB or SiO 2 was replaced by 3 phr of CCB, revealing the point of percolation threshold. In addition, the partial replacement of CB or SiO 2 by CCB did not cause significantly change of both hardness and tensile properties.At any given CCB loading, the SiO 2 replacement provided greater surface conductivity and higher abrasion resistance with lower WG and FSE than the CB replacement.

Optimization of highly dispersible silica/carbon black hybrid filler ratio for tire tread based on solution‐ andemulsion‐styrenebutadiene rubber

“…At the same time, the tread temperature could increase from room temperature to 60–80°C depending on the amount of energy dissipation of rubber during the dynamic deformation. Consequently, determination of FSE, which is inversely related to rolling resistance, is generally done by measuring the value of tan δ at 60°C when tested at low frequency (~10 Hz) and high dynamic strains (~5%) 6 . At sufficiently high strains, tan δ depends not only on molecular friction and molecular slippage on the filler surface but also on a disruption of the transient filler‐filler network, which is pronounced in the tread compounds containing high loading of reinforcing fillers such as silica or carbon black.…”

“…Consequently, determination of FSE, which is inversely related to rolling resistance, is generally done by measuring the value of tan δ at 60 C when tested at low frequency ($10 Hz) and high dynamic strains ($5%). 6 At sufficiently high strains, tanδ depends not only on molecular friction and molecular slippage on the filler surface but also on a disruption of the transient filler-filler network, which is pronounced in the tread compounds containing high loading of reinforcing fillers such as silica or carbon black. During braking operations, the tread is dragged on the rough road surfaces and, thus, subjected to cyclic deformation at very low dynamic strain ($0.1%) but very high frequency ($10 4 -10 5 Hz).…”

“…4 The addition of functional groups, for example, chloroacetate groups, into natural rubber (NR) also significantly enhanced the performance of NR/S-SBR tread compounds. 5 The effects of a variety of chemicals such as conductive carbon black (CCB), 6 halloysite nanotube (HNT), 7 silica-coated microcrystalline cellulose, 8 composite zinc oxide (C-ZnO) produced by coating ZnO on nano-calcium carbonate, 9 and sulfur-modified soybean, 10 on properties of tread compounds were also investigated and revealed. Despite the extensive study of new fillers in tire applications, carbon black (CB) has been used as the main reinforcing filler in tire production for decades because it significantly improves the strength of several tire parts, such as the tread and sidewall.…”

Influence of the Polarity of the Plasticizer on the Mechanical Stability of the Filler Network by Simultaneous Mechanical and Dielectric Analysis

“…Furthermore, the dielectric properties of rubber samples filled with electrically conductive filler depend on the structure of its filler network [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. This applies to filler networks made of electrically conductive fillers such as carbon-based carbon black or hybrid filler networks, provided that at least one electrically conductive filler is present [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. The non-conductive component is mainly used because of its excellent mechanical reinforcement, as is the case with silica used in dynamic systems such as car tires [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Fabrication of zinc oxide‐coated microcrystalline cellulose and its application in truck tire tread compounds

“…Permanent set values of the test specimens after the HBU test relatively high dynamic strains, say ≥1% (see Figure6c, d) [70][71][72][73]. Clearly, the results in Table4reveal that the tan δ values at 0 C of all rubber samples fall in the narrow range between 0.09 and 0.11, indicating the independence of wet grip index on type and content of ZnO.…”