Effect of Condoms on Reducing the Transmission of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 From Men to Women

Wald, Anna

doi:10.1001/jama.285.24.3100

Cited by 272 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…3 4 6-9 Thus, in an effort to reduce the risk of HSV-2 transmission, it is necessary to understand current sexual behaviour during asymptomatic and symptomatic periods. Reduced sexual activity has been associated with reduced HSV-2 acquisition rates 10 ; however, there are few data describing the factors associated with engaging in sexual activity during symptomatic periods. The objective of this study was to describe differences in sexual behaviour and condom use during asymptomatic and symptomatic periods of GH, and also to determine factors associated with engaging in sex during symptomatic periods in an effort to inform education initiatives.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual behaviour and condom use among individuals with a history of symptomatic genital herpes

Rana

Pimenta

Rosenberg³

et al. 2006

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual behaviour and condom use among individuals with a history of symptomatic genital herpes

Rana

Pimenta

Rosenberg³

et al. 2006

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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“…HSV-1 and -2 are ubiquitous pathogens, and hence, susceptibility to infection was believed to be common, if not universal, in all populations. In prospective studies of couples discordant for HSV-2 where the HSV-seronegative partner was consistently exposed to infectious secretions, the acquisition rate of HSV-1 and HSV-2 averaged Ͻ7% yearly (1)(2)(3), suggesting that resistance to HSV infection may be acquired by persons with chronic exposure to the virus. Acquired resistance to a human herpesvirus has not been documented; however, there are precedents for acquired resistance in other human viral infections.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

T Cell Immunity to Herpes Simplex Viruses in Seronegative Subjects: Silent Infection or Acquired Immunity?

Posavad

Wald

Hosken³

et al. 2003

The Journal of Immunology

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During the course of investigating T cell responses to HSV among volunteers entering trials of investigational genital herpes vaccines, 6 of the 24 immunocompetent subjects with no prior history of oral/labial or genital herpes possessed HSV-specific T cell immunity but, by multiple determinants of even the most sensitive serological assays, remained seronegative to HSV-1 and -2. Of these six immune seronegative (IS; HSV-seronegative with HSV-specific T cell responses) subjects, two had transient HSV-specific T cell responses, while four had CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses directed at HSV that persisted for up to 4 years. CD4+ T cell clones were isolated that recognized and had high binding affinities to epitopes in HSV-2 tegument proteins. All six IS subjects had potential sexual exposure to an HSV-2-infected sexual partner. Oral and genital mucosal secretions were sampled and tested for the presence of infectious HSV and HSV DNA. No evidence of HSV was detected in >1500 samples obtained from these IS subjects. The identification of persistent T cell responses to HSV in seronegative subjects is a novel finding in the herpesvirus field and suggests either undetected infection or acquired immunity in the absence of infection. Understanding the basis of these acquired immune responses may be critical in developing effective vaccines for genital herpes.

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“…Latex condoms are lexible, broadly available, and least expensive among all types of condoms. They are exceedingly efective in preventing the sexual transmission of plethora of STIs, including HPV, HIV-1, and HSV-2 [56][57][58]. The failure of latex condoms to safeguard STIs or unintended pregnancy is usually due to inconsistent or incorrect use [59].…”

Section: Puting the Physical Barriers To Stismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LR-HPVs such as subtypes 6,11,42,44,51,53, and 83 induce warts or hyperproliferative benign lesion on genital. On the other hand, HR-HPV subtypes including 16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59,68,73, and 82 are linked with premalignant and malignant cervical, penile, vulvar, vaginal, anal, and head and neck carcinomas [10]. Notably, majority of the LR-HPV infections are caused by HPV 6 and 11 subtypes, while subtypes 16 and 18 are responsible for most of the HR-HPV infections [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbicides for the Prevention of HPV, HIV-1, and HSV-2: Sexually Transmitted Viral Infections

Sattar¹,

.²,

Aslam³

et al. 2017

Fundamentals of Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmited diseases (STDs) can be transmited through genital-genital, orogenital, or anogenital contacts and remain to be a public health concern worldwide. Approximately one million people around the world are believed to be newly infected with sexually transmited infections (STIs) each day. Numerous causative agents including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, yeast, and fungi are responsible for STIs; however, viruses exhibit more serious risks, probabilities and outcomes of STDs than other organisms. The most lethal viral STIs are human immunodeiciency virus-1 (HIV), herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), and human papillomavirus (HPV), which are responsible for major sexually transmited viral infections including AIDS, herpes simplex, and genital warts, respectively. Despite the fact that several prevention strategies such as vaccination, abstinence from sex, limiting sex partners, the use of condoms and a range of therapeutic drugs have drastically reduced the risk of contracting STIs, these three infections continue to spread at an alarming rate. The high incidence and lack of efective vaccine, instigated scientists to look for alternate, cheap, and eicient strategies for controlling these deadly viruses. Microbicide are relatively new approach that may be helpful in preventing STIs transmission when applied inside the genitals before intercourse. Like other interventions, microbicides are used as prophylactic measures against STIs. Therefore, an excellent safety and eicacy proile analysis is mandatory before their approval for human use. Although no safe and eicacious microbicide is yet available, many candidates including nonoxynol-9, Savvy, cellulose sulfate, Carraguard, VivaGel, tenofovir gel, and PRO 2000 have shown promising in vitro activity and many more are under development. However, very few of them have moved to large-scale phase III trials. This chapter aims to provide a brief overview of various microbicides along with their mechanism of actions and recent updates on safety and efectiveness trials.

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Effect of Condoms on Reducing the Transmission of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 From Men to Women

Cited by 272 publications

References 30 publications

Sexual behaviour and condom use among individuals with a history of symptomatic genital herpes

Sexual behaviour and condom use among individuals with a history of symptomatic genital herpes

T Cell Immunity to Herpes Simplex Viruses in Seronegative Subjects: Silent Infection or Acquired Immunity?

Microbicides for the Prevention of HPV, HIV-1, and HSV-2: Sexually Transmitted Viral Infections

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