Effect of concentration gradient on composition of sampled gas. II. Experimental verification

A numerical study of fire spread phenomena for multi-level apartment complexes

“…An additional difficulty with experiments is that it is challenging to insert a probe in a fire without damaging the probe [18] or avoiding particulates from aggregating on the probe tip and distorting the accuracy of the measurement [19]. Non-intrusive instruments axe an alternative means to conduct measurements but there are also limitations such as illuminating a laser sheet in a fire [20,21].…”