Effect of concentrate extrusion and castration on diet digestion and performance of intensively reared male calves

Solanas, E.; Castríllo, C.; Serrano, Xavier; Janacua, H.; Fondevila, M.; Guada, J.A.

doi:10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.12.003

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This was accompanied by a more variable concentration pattern of ammonia, decreasing sharply at 4 h and thus contributing to a lower rumen buffer capacity (Sauvant et al, 1999) and favouring the sharp decrease of pH after feeding. The very low ammonia concentration in the rumen contents after feeding starch-rich diets is in agreement with the results found by others in intensively reared cattle (Devant et al, 2000;Solanas et al, 2005). However, against what it could be expected, B diets did not increase total lactic acid concentration, and neither clinical signs from the acute form of acidosis nor rumen pH below 5.0 (Owens et al, 1998) or lactic acid concentrations above 50 mmol/l (Nagaraja and Titgemeyer, 2007) were observed in the current experiment.…”

Section: Effect Of Cereal Type On the Rumen Environmentsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Although grain starch is better used when it is extensively fermented in the rumen (Huntington, 1997), this is accompanied by a decrease in rumen pH (Sauvant et al, 1999); therefore, the adverse effects on rumen health associated to high-grain feeding may vary with the processing (Owens et al, 1998). Mechanical breakdown methods reducing particle size by grinding or dry-rolling facilitate microbial and enzymatic access to starch granules; in addition, other methods such as pelleting or extrusion may improve the starch availability by gelatinisation (Solanas et al, 2005;Svihus and Zimonja, 2011), thus increasing its fermentation rate (Bertipaglia et al, 2010). In any case, the response depends on the kind of cereal processed (Offner et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of grinding or pelleting high grain maize- or barley-based concentrates on rumen environment and microbiota of beef cattle

Gimeno

Alami

Toral

et al. 2015

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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a b s t r a c tEight 5-month old, rumen-cannulated Holstein male calves were used in a three months experiment to study the effect of the cereal in the concentrate (0.53 of maize, M, or 0.67 of barley, B) given either ground (GR) or pelleted to 6 mm (PE) on rumen fermentation and microbiota in intensive feeding conditions. Four calves received M and the other four B, offered either GR or PE in two consecutive 45-day periods, together with straw. On days 41 and 43 of each period, the feed intake pattern was recorded and rumen contents were sampled before the morning feeding (0 h) and after 4 and 8 h to determine rumen pH and total volatile fatty acids (VFA), lactic acid, ammonia and fatty acids (FA) concentration, and to characterise bacterial and protozoal populations. Compared with those given M, calves fed B showed lower rumen pH (5.64 vs. 6.14, P=0.001) and higher total VFA concentration (140 mmol/l vs. 113 mmol/l, P=0.014) 4 h after feeding, and a greater proportion of records of pH below 5.6 (0.27 vs. 0.10, P=0.039) and VFA over 150 mmol/l (0.18 vs. 0.02, P=0.019), benchmarks of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). Feeding B resulted in lower (P=0.072) and higher (P=0.059) proportions of acetic and propionic acids, respectively, with sampling time differences for this diet, as well as more variable ammonia concentrations (P<0.001). On the other hand, concentrates processed as PE promoted a lower acetic to propionic ratio, this effect being more evident with M (1.15 vs. 2.39, P=0.003), and a more pronounced pH drop from 0 to 4 h after feeding compared with those given GR (1.01 vs. 0.87 pH units, P=0.059). Only minor effects were observed on either FA concentrations or rumen microbiota. The more abrupt rumen fermentation induced by B may be due to the more rapidly degradation rate of its starch combined with a greater concentrate intake during the first 4 h (2.83 vs. 2.43 kg dry matter, P=0.031), which was not affected by the concentrate processing. The results suggest that barley-based diets would cause a less favourable rumen fermentation that might Abbreviations: ADFom, acid detergent fibre expressed exclusive of residual ash; aNDFom, neutral detergent fibre assayed with a heat stable amylase and expressed exclusive of residual ashA. Gimeno et al. / Animal Feed Science and Technology 203 (2015) 67-78 increase the risk of SARA compared with maize diets, whereas pelleting the concentrates at 6 mm would not affect the feed intake pattern and would not be advisable to avoid SARA compared with grinding

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Section: Effect Of Cereal Type On the Rumen Environmentsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of grinding or pelleting high grain maize- or barley-based concentrates on rumen environment and microbiota of beef cattle

Gimeno

Alami

Toral

et al. 2015

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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“…Compound feeds including the extruded cereal blend showed a slight decrease in the NDF content, in agreement with the effect found by Solanas et al (2005b) after extruding a complete compound feed, and the effect found by Vranjes and Wenk (1995) and Gaebe et al (1998) after the extrusion of barley or maize and sorghum, respectively. This response could be due to a partial depolymerisation of cell wall polysaccharides, increasing their solubility in the detergent solution during the analysis.…”

Section: Effect Of Extrusion On Chemical Composition Fermentation Kisupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The extrusion of the concentrate has been shown to also have some positive results in intensive beef production, particularly in young animals when protein requirements are higher and starch digestion may be compromised (Serrano et al, 1998;Solanas et al, 2005b). However, the causes of this positive response are not well identified and the magnitude of the effect does not likely justify the cost of extruding the whole compound feed meal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cereals and/or protein supplement extrusion on diet utilisation and performance of intensively reared cattle

Solanas¹,

Castríllo²,

Fondevila³

et al. 2008

Livestock Science

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“…Analysing the live weight and feed intake in the three studied experimental groups, the IM showed higher efficiency in feed conversion rate, since intake did not change in the three experimental groups. These data are in accordance with results obtained by Solanas et al (2005), who found statistic differences in the final weight but not in total DM intake of Friesian calves. The effect of castration on live weight was evident after puberty and increased with age (Bretschneider, 2005).…”

Section: Biagini and Lazzaronisupporting

confidence: 93%

Male pre- and post-pubertal castration effect on live weight, components of empty body weight, estimated nitrogen excretion and efficiency in Piemontese hypertrofic cattle

Biagini

Lazzaroni

2011

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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To evaluate the effect of sexual neutering and age of castration on empty body weight (EBW) components and estimated nitrogen excretion and efficiency, a trial was carried out on 3 groups of double-muscled Piemontese calves: early castrated (EC, 5 th month of age), late castrated (LC, 12 th month of age) and intact males (IM, control group). Animals were fed at the same energy and protein level and slaughtered at 18 th month of age. Live and slaughtering performances and EBW components were recorded, whereas N excretion was calculated by difference between diet and weight gain N content. In live and slaughtering performances, IM showed higher final, carcass and total meat weight than EC and LC (P<0.01). In EBW components, IM showed higher blood and head weight than EC and LC (P<0.01 and 0.05 respectively), and differences were found between EC and LC for head weights (P<0.01). IM showed higher body crude protein (BCP) than EC and LC (P<0.01 and 0.05 respectively), but BCP/EBW ratio was higher only in IM than EC (P<0.05). Estimated N daily gain was higher in IM than EC and LC (P<0.01). Only LC showed higher excretion than IM (P<0.05), and N efficiency was higher in IM than EC and LC (P<0.05 and 0.01 respectively). In conclusion, for the Piemontese hypertrophied cattle castration significantly increases N excretion (+7%) and reduces N efficiency (-15%), leading to a lower level of sustainability.

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Effect of concentrate extrusion and castration on diet digestion and performance of intensively reared male calves

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of grinding or pelleting high grain maize- or barley-based concentrates on rumen environment and microbiota of beef cattle

Effect of grinding or pelleting high grain maize- or barley-based concentrates on rumen environment and microbiota of beef cattle

Effects of cereals and/or protein supplement extrusion on diet utilisation and performance of intensively reared cattle

Male pre- and post-pubertal castration effect on live weight, components of empty body weight, estimated nitrogen excretion and efficiency in Piemontese hypertrofic cattle

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