Effect of composition and pouring temperature of Cu(20-24)wt.%Sn by sand casting on fluidity and mechanical properties

Slamet, Sugeng; Suyitno, Suyitno; Kusumaningtyas, Indraswari

doi:10.15282/jmes.13.4.2019.20.0476

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…As the grain grows, the cooling rate, growth rate, and temperature gradient are decreased, providing longer solidification time. The grain growth is enhancing which the increasing of λ1 and λ2 indicates [10]. Further, the solute riched liquid in the inter-dendritic region flows toward the dendrite stalks because of gravity [6,29].…”

Section: Microstructure Parametersmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The samples were cooled at the bottom without any heat supply from the furnace. However, in practice, the mold materials are varied, and it affects the solidification parameters as well as microstructure parameters [10,11]. Explorations regarding composition, mold materials, and treatment during the cooling are still needed to provide extensive information in understanding the relation between solidification parameters, microstructure parameters, and micro-hardness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The dependency of the microhardnes on microstructure and solidification parameters of directionally solidified Al–4.5wt.%Cu in clay mold

Masnur

Malau

Suyitno

2020

JMES

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Improvement of material properties is achieved by controlling parameters involved in the solidification process; therefore, understanding them and their implication are essential. This work investigated the dependency of solidification parameters (cooling rate (TR), growth rate (VL), local solidification time (tSL), temperature gradient (G)), microstructure parameters (primary (λ1) and secondary (λ2) dendrite arm spacing), and micro-hardness values (HV) of Al-4.5wt.%Cu in the clay mold. The samples were directionally solidified in Bridgman vertical apparatus and the temperature is recorded during the cooling. The solidification parameters were obtained from the cooling curve. The microstructures and micro-hardness were characterized using an optical microscope and micro-hardness tester. The microstructure parameters were measured and plotted as functions of solidification parameters using linear regression. The relation between HV and microstructure parameters are analyzed. The results show the λ1 and λ2 change inversely with solidification parameters except for tSL. Comparison to other works shows the exponent values of solidification parameters of the clay mold are lower than that of the carbon and stainless-steel mold. The exponent value of λ2 in the clay mold is -0.183, close to the value in the graphite mold. The clay has the potential as mold material since it characteristic close to the graphite.

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Section: Microstructure Parametersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dependency of the microhardnes on microstructure and solidification parameters of directionally solidified Al–4.5wt.%Cu in clay mold

Masnur

Malau

Suyitno

2020

JMES

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“…Tin bronze with a tin percentage greater than 17% is considered high tin bronze, while bronze with a tin content less than 17% is considered low tin bronze [5]. Tin Bronze with a composition of more than 17% Sn is widely used as a musical instrument due to its excellent acoustic properties, forging capability, has high mechanical properties [6][7][8], and has high fluidity on casting method [9,10]. Tin bronze Cu20wt.% Sn is capable of producing a higher sound intensity (dB) with a low damping capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Annealing increases the hardness and brittleness of Aluminum Bronze [22]. Annealing Cu (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)wt.%Sn at 550°C resulted in a more homogeneous alloy phase with less grain growth [23]. The phase change of the tin bronze alloy refers to the Cu-Sn phase diagram, shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archives of Foundry Engineering

Slamet,

Suyitno,

Kusumaningtyas

2021

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Casting is one method of making metal components that are widely used in industry and up to date. The sand casting method is used due to its simplicity, ease of operation, and low cost. In addition, the casting method can produce cast products in various sizes and is well-suited for mass production. However, the disadvantage of casting, especially gravity casting, is that it has poor physical and mechanical properties. Tin bronze Cu20%wt.Sn is melted in a furnace, then poured at a temperature of 1100°C into a sand mold. The cast product is a rod with 400 mm in length, 10 mm in thickness, and 10 mm in width. The heat treatment mechanism is carried out by reheating the cast specimen at a temperature of 650°C, holding it for 4 hours, and then rapid cooling. The specimens were observed microstructure, density, and mechanical properties include tensile strength and bending strength. The results showed that there was a phase change from α + δ to α + β phase, an increase in density as a result of a decrease in porosity and a coarse grain to a fine grain. In addition, the tensile strength and bending strength of the Cu20wt.%Sn alloy were increased and resulted in a more ductile alloy through post-cast heat treatment.

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“…The high tin bronze alloy was selected as a musical instrument because it has excellent acoustic properties [4,5,8]. The tin bronze alloy molten metal composition (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)wt.%Sn can flow and fill sand molds in thin cavities between 2-3 mm with increasing pouring temperature [9]. However, high tin bronze alloys tend to crack easily when hammered and cannot withstand low temperatures [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archives of Foundry Engineering

Slamet,

Suyitnoa,

Kusumaningtyasa

et al. 2020

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High tin bronze alloy (Cu>17wt.%Sn) is commonly as raw material to fabricate musical instruments. Gamelan musical instruments in Indonesia are produced using tin bronze alloy raw materials. The tin bronze alloy used by each gamelan craftsman has a different tin composition, generally in the range of Cu(20-24) wt.% Sn. This study aims to investigate the effect of microstructure, density, and mechanical properties of Cu(20-24)wt.%Sn against the acoustic properties processed by the sand casting method. The material is melted in a crucible furnace until it reaches a pouring temperature of 1100ºC by the sand casting method. The specimens were subjected to microstructure observations, density and porosity as well as mechanical properties testing including tensile strength, bending strength, hardness, and modulus of elasticity. Mechanical properties data then used to calculate several parameters of acoustic properties including speed of sound (c), impedance (z) and radiation coefficient (R). Processes simulation using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Experiment Method Analysis (EMA) were carried out to determine acoustic properties including sound intensity, natural frequency and damping capacity. The experimental result shows that the increase in tin composition in Cu(20-24) wt.% Sn changed the microstructure of coarse grains into dendrite-columned fine grains. Physical properties of density decrease, while porosity increases. Mechanical properties including tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and bending strength decreased, while the hardness of the alloy increases. The calculation of acoustic parameters such as the speed of sound (c), impedance (z) and radiation coefficient (R) has decreased. Moreover, sound intensity (dB), natural frequency (Hz) and damping capacity also decrease with increasing tin composition. Hence, tin bronze alloy Cu20wt.%Sn is the recommended raw material for the manufacture of gamelan instruments through the sand casting method.

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Effect of composition and pouring temperature of Cu(20-24)wt.%Sn by sand casting on fluidity and mechanical properties

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

The dependency of the microhardnes on microstructure and solidification parameters of directionally solidified Al–4.5wt.%Cu in clay mold

The dependency of the microhardnes on microstructure and solidification parameters of directionally solidified Al–4.5wt.%Cu in clay mold

Archives of Foundry Engineering

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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