Effect of competitive swimming on airway inflammation: A 3‐yr longitudinal study

Couto, Mariana; Andrade, Patrícia; Pereira, Marta; Araújo, João Pedro; Moreira, Pedro; Delgado, Luís; Moreira, André

doi:10.1111/pai.12172

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(15 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Those who remained active significantly increased their levels of airway inflammation independent of their gender, age, atopy, or asthma status. Nevertheless, asthma incidence did not increase in active swimmers [79]. This has led to the development of a prototype of a swimmers' asthma risk assessment tool (FIGURE 2).…”

Section: Sports and Allergic Rhinitismentioning

confidence: 98%

The role of sports and exercise in allergic disease: drawbacks and benefits

Silva

Moreira²

2015

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although training and exercise have several benefits, overdoing it might not necessarily be a good thing. For instance, elite athletes have an increased risk for asthma and allergy. Several mechanisms can be implicated for this risk, which include the interplay between environmental training factors and athlete's personal risk factors, such as genetic susceptibility, neurogenic-mediated inflammation, and epithelial sensitivity. However, an overwhelming amount of scientific evidence shows the positive effects of sports as part of a healthy lifestyle. Training reduces breathlessness and asthma symptoms and attenuates Th2-mediated inflammatory responses. Taken together, the benefits far outweigh the potential hazards of training. An easily administered therapeutic healthy lifestyle intervention, which could be used alongside current treatment, must be developed.

show abstract

Section: Sports and Allergic Rhinitismentioning

confidence: 98%

The role of sports and exercise in allergic disease: drawbacks and benefits

Silva

Moreira²

2015

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, it has recently been proposed that the increased airway inflammatory cells in athletes represent physical injury secondary to vigorous hyperpnoea that heals with rest and may not be the initial factor implying detrimental effects on respiratory health . In accordance, it has been shown that although airway inflammation decreases after finishing competitive swimming, the prevalence of asthma diagnosis and use of medication increase significantly in both active and past adolescent swimmers, suggesting a relative independence of the two conditions …”

Section: Mechanisms Of Bronchoconstriction In Athletesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Two studies prospectively assessed long‐term BHR and airway inflammation in swimmers . Helenius et al showed that BHR is reduced 5 years after finishing intensive swimming.…”

Section: Long‐term Effects Of Sports On the Airways Of Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction in athletes: Current perspectives and future challenges

Couto

Kurowski

Moreira

et al. 2017

Allergy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The evidence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) without asthma (EIBw A ) occurring in athletes led to speculate about different endotypes inducing respiratory symptoms within athletes. Classical postulated mechanisms for bronchial obstruction in this population include the osmotic and the thermal hypotheses. More recently, the presence of epithelial injury and inflammation in the airways of athletes was demonstrated. In addition, neuronal activation has been suggested as a potential modulator of bronchoconstriction. Investigation of these emerging mechanisms is of major importance as EIB is a significant problem for both recreational and competitive athletes and is the most common chronic condition among Olympic athletes, with obvious implications for their competing performance, health and quality of life. Hereby, we summarize the latest achievements in this area and identify the current gaps of knowledge so that future research heads toward better defining the etiologic factors and mechanisms involved in development of EIB in elite athletes as well as essential aspects to ultimately propose preventive and therapeutic measures. K E Y W O R D Sepithelial injury, neurogenic inflammation, osmotic, sports, thermal

show abstract

“…23 We have previously demonstrated that swimmers that remain active at a 3-year follow-up significantly increase their levels of airway inflammation compared to those who quit swimming, but asthma incidence remained similar. 24 Taken together all these studies suggest that the EIA explanatory model in swimmers is not only related to inflammation and allergy, but will probable include the interplay between environmental training factors including allergens and ambient conditions and the athlete's personal risk factors such as genetic and neuro-immune-endocrine determinants. 2 As a major ambient factor, chloramines, and trichloramine in particular, are quite volatile and they are very easily inhaled and therefore act as potent irritants in the airways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exploratory study comparing dysautonomia between asthmatic and non-asthmatic elite swimmers

Couto

Silva

Santos

et al. 2015

Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia (English Edition)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Dysautonomia has been independently associated with training and exerciseinduced bronchoconstriction. In addition, neurogenic airway inflammation was recently associated with swimmers-asthma. We aimed to assess the relation between autonomic nervous system and airway responsiveness of asthmatic elite swimmers. Methods: Twenty-seven elite swimmers, 11 of whom had asthma, were enrolled in this exploratory cross-sectional study. All performed spirometry with bronchodilation, skin prick tests and methacholine challenge according to the guidelines. Pupillometry was performed using PLR-200 TM Pupillometer. One pupil light response curve for each eye was recorded and the mean values of pupil's maximal and minimal diameters, percentage of constriction, average and maximum constriction velocities (parasympathetic parameters), dilation velocity, and total time to recover 75% of the initial size (sympathetic parameters) were used for analysis. Asthma was defined using IOC-MC criteria; subjects were divided into airway hyperesponsiveness (AHR) severity according to methacholine PD 20 in: no AHR, borderline, mild, moderate and severe AHR. Differences for pupillary parameters between groups and after categorization by AHR severity were assessed using SPSS 20.0 (p ≤ 0.05). In individuals with clinically relevant AHR, correlation between PD 20 and pupillary parameters was investigated with Spearman's correlation test. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between asthmatic and nonasthmatic swimmers regarding parasympathetic parameters. When stratified by AHR, maximal and minimal diameters and percentage of constriction were significantly lower among those with severe AHR. Among swimmers with clinically relevant AHR (n = 18), PD 20 correlated with parasympathetic activity: maximal (r = 0.67, p = 0.002) and minimal diameters (r = 0.75, p < 0.001), percentage of constriction (r = −0.59, p = 0.011) and latency (r = 0.490, p = 0.039).Exploratory study comparing dysautonomia between asthmatic and non-asthmatic elite swimmers 23 Conclusions: No significant differences were observed between asthmatic and non-asthmatic swimmers regarding parasympathetic parameters, but among those with relevant AHR an association was found. Although limited by the sample size, these findings support the relation between dysautonomia and AHR in asthmatic swimmers.

show abstract

Effect of competitive swimming on airway inflammation: A 3‐yr longitudinal study

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

The role of sports and exercise in allergic disease: drawbacks and benefits

The role of sports and exercise in allergic disease: drawbacks and benefits

Mechanisms of exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction in athletes: Current perspectives and future challenges

Exploratory study comparing dysautonomia between asthmatic and non-asthmatic elite swimmers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About