Effect of competitive interference on the biosorption of lead(II) by Chlorella vulgaris

Removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) by Pithophora oedogonia: Sorption, desorption and repeated use of the biomass

“…The value of the above said parameters generally remains below unity, but they were >1 for both the test metals in the present case. The value of n RP and n S > 1 is not commonly observed, but has also been reported by some other workers [27][28][29]. It seems that types and distribution of the binding sites on biomass surface are extremely complex in nature, and hence a natural sorbent, like Pithophora, will not completely follow any ideal assumption of sorption theory.…”

“…Likewise, Redlich-Peterson (r 2 = 0.998) and Sips (r 2 = 0.991) models best defined sorption of Pb(II) on Pithophora biomass, followed in decreasing order by Langmuir (r 2 = 0.961) and Freundlich (r 2 = 0.910) models. Vilar et al [21] and El-Naas et al [27] also observed the superiority of the Redlich-Peterson and Sips model over other models for defining the sorption data. However, the Langmuir model provides more information than the Redlich-Peterson model as its parameter q max reveals the maximum sorption capacity of the biomass and the constant b reflects the affinity of the sorbate molecules for the biomass surface.…”

Removal of phenol from petroleum refinery wastewater through adsorption on date-pit activated carbon

“…Unlike the Langmuir isotherm model, the Freundlich isotherm (Eq. (3)) [44] does not have any thermodynamic basis and does not offer much physical interpretation of the adsorption data [36,45]. The model is not bound by a maximum uptake, and it does approach Henry's law at low concentrations.…”

Metal biosorption onto dry biomass of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis and Chlorella vulgaris: Multi-metal systems

“…Preference of a biosorbent for one of the two metals (1 and 2) of a binary system was expressed in terms of separation factor ˛1 2 [27,28]:…”