Effect of compatibility of S-R mapping on reactions toward the stimulus source

Simon, Jessica; Sly, Paul E.; Vilapakkam, Sivakumar

doi:10.1016/0001-6918(81)90039-1

Cited by 136 publications

(147 citation statements)

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“…These simulation results are in agreement with the major findings except with the incongruent SR mapping (Hedge & Marsh, 1975;Lu & Proctor, 1994;Simon et al, 1981). As described previously, with the incongruent SR mapping, RTs are faster for the SR-inconsistent condition than for the SR-consistent condition.…”

Section: Fig 11 Simulating the Results Ofsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Currently, there are three proposals for the reverse Simon effect, one based on the notion of logical recoding (Hedge & Marsh, 1975), another based on the concept of display-control arrangement correspondence (Simon, 1990;Simon et al, 1981), and the third based on the concept of stimulus congruity (Guiard et al, 1994;Hasbroucq & Guiard, 1991). Hedge and Marsh (1975) argued that the relevant and irrelevant features of the stimulus are related to their respec-…”

Section: Summary Of Simulation Results: Capabilities and Limitations mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The color lights were mapped onto the colored keys either congruently (e.g., red → ''RED'' and green → ''GREEN'') or incongruently (e.g., red → ''GREEN'' and green → ''RED''). In two-choice tasks, RT was approximately 100 ms faster with congruent than with incongruent SR mapping (De Jong, Liang, & Lauber, 1994;Hedge & Marsh, 1975;Lu & Proctor, 1994;Simon, Sly, & Vilapakkam, 1981).…”

Section: Illustrative Examples and Major Findingsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…With the congruent SR mapping, the SR-consistent condition was faster than the SR-inconsistent condition, which is in agreement with the results in Ensemble 3. However, with the incongruent SR mapping, the SR-consistent condition was slower than the SR-inconsistent condition (De Jong et al, 1994;Hedge & Marsh, 1975;Lu & Proctor, 1994;Simon et al, 1981). This finding is often referred to as the ''reverse Simon effect'' and has been the subject of considerable controversy De Jong et al, 1994;Guiard, Hasbroucq, & Possamai, 1994;Hasbroucq & Guiard, 1991;, 1995Simon, 1990;Zhang & Kornblum, 1997).…”

Section: Illustrative Examples and Major Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simon (1990;Simon, Sly, & Vilapakkam, 1981) defined display control arrangement correspondence as the correspondence or noncorrespondence of the location of the color stimulus with the location of the response key of the same color and argued that RT is faster when display control arrangement correspondence is consistent than when it is inconsistent. Hasbroucq and Guiard (1991) reasoned that since in Hedge and Marsh (1975) color and location were perfectly correlated in the responses, subjects could also associate color and location of the stimulus in a similar manner and therefore lead to stimulus congruity or incongruity.…”

Section: Fig 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Parallel Distributed Processing Model of Stimulus–Stimulus and Stimulus–Response Compatibility

Zhang

Kornblum

1999

Cognitive Psychology

171

186

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A parallel distributed processing (PDP) model is proposed to account for choice reaction time (RT) performance in diverse cognitive and perceptual tasks such as the Stroop task, the Simon task, the Eriksen flanker task, and the stimulus-response compatibility task that are interrelated in terms of stimulus-stimulus and stimulusresponse overlap (Kornblum, 1992). In multilayered (input-intermediate-output) networks, neuron-like nodes that represent stimulus and response features are grouped into mutually inhibitory modules that represent stimulus and response dimensions. The stimulus-stimulus overlap is implemented by a convergence of two input modules onto a common intermediate module, and the stimulus-response overlap by direct pathways representing automatic priming of outputs. Mean RTs are simulated in various simple tasks and, furthermore, predictions are generated for complex tasks based on performance in simpler tasks. The match between simulated and experimental results lends strong support for our PDP model of compatibility.

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Section: Fig 11 Simulating the Results Ofsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Summary Of Simulation Results: Capabilities and Limitations mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Illustrative Examples and Major Findingsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Illustrative Examples and Major Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fig 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Parallel Distributed Processing Model of Stimulus–Stimulus and Stimulus–Response Compatibility

Zhang

Kornblum

1999

Cognitive Psychology

171

186

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Implicitly strengthened task‐irrelevant stimulus‐response associations modulate cognitive control: Evidence from an fMRI study

Xia

Wang

2015

Human Brain Mapping

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The dynamics of cognitive control have been investigated by the proportion congruency effect. However, the theory that this effect is due to attentional modulation has been challenged by contingency learning accounts. This raises the question of how the cognitive control system operates during and after increasing the strength of task-irrelevant stimulus-response (S-R) associations. We employed a novel paradigm that elicits positive and reversed Simon effects via task rule manipulations, and combined it with a between subjects proportion congruency manipulation. The pattern of enhancement and reversal of the positive and reversed Simon effects across conditions suggested that participants used strengthened task-irrelevant S-R associations to predict responses. Functional neuroimaging identified proportion congruency effects that interacted with task S-R associations, showing greater activity when strengthened task-irrelevant S-R associations conflicted with task-defined S-R associations in frontoparietal regions, including bilateral superior parietal lobule (SPL) and dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC), presupplementary motor area/anterior midcingulate cortex (Pre-SMA/aMCC), and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). These results suggest that the aMCC and DLPFC shifted to responding mainly to the conflict induced by the strengthened irrelevant S-R associations. The SPL and dPMC might represent the strengthened irrelevant S-R associations. Hum Brain Mapp 37:756-772, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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