Effect of combined therapy with the antiestrogen agent toremifene and local hyperthermia on breast cancer cells implanted in nude mice

Abstract

We attributed the effects of this combined therapy to the induction of apoptosis, the decrease in vascular density, and the increase and decrease in G0/G1-phase and S-phase cells, respectively, in the tumors.

Synergistic action of microwave‑induced mild hyperthermia and paclitaxel in inducing apoptosis in the human breast cancer cell line MCF‑7

“…Numerous basic and clinical studies have demonstrated that the combination of hyperthermia with radio-or chemotherapy may significantly improve tumor control rates and prolong survival (25)(26)(27)(28). The majority of these studies have suggested that 42-45˚C is the minimal effective temperature for hyperthermia induced by microwave or infrared radiation, or by incubation in a water bath (29)(30)(31)(32)(33). This poses a challenge for clinical implementation, as 41.8˚C is considered the upper limit of whole-body temperature in humans, thus achieving temperatures of 42-45˚C places a substantial burden on patients and equipment.…”

Tamoxifen in Trimodal Therapy with Cytotoxic Drugs and Hyperthermia in Vivo Significantly Enhance Therapeutic Efficacy against B16-F10 Melanoma

“…Although in the literature there are numerous studies confirming the positive synergistic effect of HT on the activity of anticancer drugs, studies on the effects of hyperthermic treatment on the antitumor activity of TMX are generally scarce. Only one report confirmed the synergistic interaction of TMX and HT on the in vitro model of human melanoma cells 16 , and another report provided positive evidence for the synergistic effect of local HT and the antiestrogen agent toremifene on the model of breast cancer implanted in nude mice 17 . However, until now no evidence has been reported about the possible positive effects of combined treatments with cytotoxic drugs, HT and TMX on melanoma cells in vivo.…”