Abstract:The hyporheic zone (HZ) is an area immediately below the river bed where surface and subsurface water mix together (Orghidan, 1959). The HZ is an ecological hotspot and it has been denoted as the river's liver (Fischer et al., 2005) because it causes the attenuation of specific pollutants such as nutrients or organic contaminants. The main feature of the HZ is the vertical water transfer between surface and subsurface flows that moderates fluctuations of water temperature and strongly influences nutrient cycle… Show more
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