Effect of combined administration of vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 on bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis

Efficacy of Combined Treatment with Raloxifene and Alfacalcidol on Bone Density and Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

“…Although some investigators reported that ALF maintained or even stimulated bone formation [23], we could not find more increase in BAP in the combination therapy compared with that in RLX alone, either. Thus, contrary to our expectations from the previous studies showing more beneficial effects of combination therapies including those of bisphosphonate plus ALF [16] and those of menatetrenone and ALF [17,18], our results do not support the hypothesis that the combination therapy of RLX and ALF exerts more beneficial effects on bone compared with RLX alone. Unexpectedly, BMD at the UD significantly de- Data represent mean ± SD.…”

“…Thus, it still remains unclear whether RLX plus ALF can reduce the risk of fractures more efficaciously compared with RLX alone. In addition, although possible benefits for BMD or bone turnover have been shown in some combination therapies [16][17][18]32], the data about the efficacy of preventing fractures have not been established yet in any combination therapies, thus far [32]. Further studies in longer observation and larger number of patients are, therefore, warranted to clarify whether the combination therapy of RLX and ALF are clinically more effective in preventing fractures compared with RLX alone.…”

“…In general, it is tempting to consider the possibility that combination therapies might provide benefits over what could be expected from either one alone. Actually, some therapeutic agents for osteoporosis have been shown to exert more beneficial effects on BMD or bone turnover when used in combination with ALF [16][17][18]. However, the efficacy of the combination therapy of RLX and ALF has not been reported yet, despite the possible weakness of RLX as mentioned above.…”

Comparative Effects of Vitamin K and Vitamin D Supplementation on Calcium Balance in Young Rats Fed Normal or Low Calcium Diets

“…In the present study, how ever, an additive effect on intestinal calcium absorption or renal calcium retention was not found in rats fed a low calcium diet, but that on intestinal calcium absorp tion was found in rats fed a normal calcium diet, Matsu naga et al (12) and Hirano and Ishii (5) demonstrated the additive effect of vitamin K and vitamin D on bone mass in adult ovariectomized rats or young rats fed a normal calcium diet. Iwamoto et al (13) also demon strated the efficacy of combined treatment with vitamin K2 and vitamin D3 in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis under calcium supplementation. Thus, we speculate that calcium supplementation may be needed to produce additive effects of vitamin K and vitamin D supplementation on calcium balance in the treatment of osteopenia in rats.…”

Promotion of Bone Formation by Fermented Soybean (Natto) Intake in Premenopausal Women

“…Moreover, subjects with osteoporotic pa tients treated with menatetrenone for 48 wk shows the significant increase in carboxylated osteocalcin (Gla) and decrease in Glu (6). Not only vitamin D3 adminis tration alone but also the combined administration of vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 significantly increase BMD in postmenopausal women (7). On the other hand , from the nutritional perspective, the prospective cohort study including both premenopausal and postmeno pausal women shows that dietary intake of vitamin K from vegetables, namely vitamin Kl intake , reduces the risk of femoral neck fracture (8).…”