Effect of Combinations of Insulin, Glucose and Scopolamine on Radial Arm Maze Performance

Blanchard, Jeff G; Duncan, Perry M.

doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(97)00064-6

Cited by 41 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Recently, much evidence has been presented regarding the role of brain insulin or insulin receptors in memory formation [53] Experiments have shown the ability of small doses of insulin (0.4-0.8 units/kg) to reverse the amnesia produced by a 2 mg/kg scopolamine injection [54,55]. In the higher limbic system including the hippocampus, piryform cortex and amygdala, the insulin receptor has been demonstrated to play an important role in spatial and emotional memory via effects on a variety of signaling pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Cholinergic, Insulin, Vitamin D Receptors and GLUT 3 in the Brainstem of Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats: Effect of Treatment with Vitamin D3

et al. 2011

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Complications arising from diabetes mellitus include cognitive deficits, neurophysiological and structural changes in the brain. The current study investigated the expression of cholinergic, insulin, Vitamin D receptor and GLUT 3 in the brainstem of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Radioreceptor binding assays and gene expression were done in the brainstem of male Wistar rats. Our results showed that B(max) of total muscarinic, muscarinic M3 receptors was increased and muscarinic M1 receptor was decreased in diabetic rats compared to control. A significant increase in gene expression of muscarinic M3, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine, insulin, Vitamin D₃ receptors, acetylcholine esterase, choline acetyl transferase and GLUT 3 were observed in the brainstem of diabetic rats. Immunohistochemistry studies of muscarinic M1, M3 and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors confirmed the gene expression at protein level. Vitamin D₃ and insulin treatment reversed diabetes-induced alterations to near control. This study provides an evidence that diabetes can alter the expression of cholinergic, insulin, Vitamin D receptors and GLUT 3 in brainstem. We found that Vitamin D₃ treatment could modulate the Vitamin D receptors and plays a pivotal role in maintaining the glucose transport and expressional level of cholinergic receptors in the brainstem of diabetic rats. Thus, our results suggest a therapeutic role of Vitamin D₃ in managing neurological disorders associated with diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Cholinergic, Insulin, Vitamin D Receptors and GLUT 3 in the Brainstem of Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats: Effect of Treatment with Vitamin D3

et al. 2011

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“…They have also reported that the blockade of endogenous hippocampal insulin can impair cognitive performance [168]. Some other evidence also declare that central microinjection of insulin protects animal's memory against various insults such as chronic restraint stress [169] and scopolamine toxicity [170].…”

Section: Central Insulin Administration and Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin in the Brain: Sources, Localization and Functions

et al. 2012

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Historically, insulin is best known for its role in peripheral glucose homeostasis, and insulin signaling in the brain has received less attention. Insulin-independent brain glucose uptake has been the main reason for considering the brain as an insulin-insensitive organ. However, recent findings showing a high concentration of insulin in brain extracts, and expression of insulin receptors (IRs) in central nervous system tissues have gathered considerable attention over the sources, localization, and functions of insulin in the brain. This review summarizes the current status of knowledge of the peripheral and central sources of insulin in the brain, site-specific expression of IRs, and also neurophysiological functions of insulin including the regulation of food intake, weight control, reproduction, and cognition and memory formation. This review also considers the neuromodulatory and neurotrophic effects of insulin, resulting in proliferation, differentiation, and neurite outgrowth, introducing insulin as an attractive tool for neuroprotection against apoptosis, oxidative stress, beta amyloid toxicity, and brain ischemia.

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“…Insulin may also modulate cognitive functions via its effects on neurotransmission, e.g. low doses of insulin can reverse the amnestic effects of cholinergic blockade (Blanchard and Duncan, 1997), and high levels of insulin reduce neuronal norepinephrine reuptake (Figlewicz et al, 1993). Thus the data suggests that normal insulin and IR signaling is a prerequisite for normal learning and memory function.…”

Section: Insulin's Role In Learning and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Central insulin resistance as a trigger for sporadic Alzheimer-like pathology: an experimental approach

Šalković‐Petrišić

Hoyer

2007

Neuropsychiatric Disorders an Integrative Approach

191

135

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SUMMARYA growing body of evidence implicates impairments in brain insulin signaling in early sporadic Alzheimer disease (sAD) pathology. However, the most widely accepted hypothesis for AD aetiology stipulates that pathological aggregations of the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide are the cause of all forms of Alzheimer's disease. Streptozotocinintracerebroventricularly (STZ-icv) treated rats are proposed as a probable experimental model of sAD. The current work reviews evidence obtained from this model indicating that central STZ administration induces brain pathology and behavioural alterations resembling those in sAD patients. Recently, alterations of the brain insulin system resembling those in sAD have been found in the STZ-icv rat model and are associated with tau protein hyperphosphorylation and Aβ-like aggregations in meningeal vessels. In line with these findings the hypothesis has been proposed that insulin resistance in the brain might be the primary event which precedes the Aβ pathology in sAD.4

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Effect of Combinations of Insulin, Glucose and Scopolamine on Radial Arm Maze Performance

Cited by 41 publications

References 33 publications

Expression of Cholinergic, Insulin, Vitamin D Receptors and GLUT 3 in the Brainstem of Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats: Effect of Treatment with Vitamin D3

Expression of Cholinergic, Insulin, Vitamin D Receptors and GLUT 3 in the Brainstem of Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats: Effect of Treatment with Vitamin D3

Insulin in the Brain: Sources, Localization and Functions

Central insulin resistance as a trigger for sporadic Alzheimer-like pathology: an experimental approach

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