Effect of collection material and sample processing on pig oral fluid testing results

Olsen, Chris; Karriker, Locke A.; Wang, Chong; Binjawadagi, Basavaraj; Renukaradhya, Gourapura J.; Kittawornrat, Apisit; Lizano, Sergio; Coetzee, Johann F.; Main, Rodger; Meiszberg, Allison M.; Panyasing, Yaowalak; Zimmerman, Jeffrey J.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.06.014

Cited by 34 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…So far, the most commonly used method to collect oral fluid samples is by placing a cotton rope in each pen and allowing the pigs to chew on the rope [17]. However, concerns about the influence of rope material on subsequent immunological assays have been raised [18]. In this study, the impact of rope material on total and virus-specific antibody detection in porcine oral fluid samples was assessed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study by Olsen et al [18] showed that the rope material used for porcine oral fluid collection may affect downstream immunoassays to determine total IgM/IgA content [18]. Other recent studies assessed the effect of collection material on IgA retrieval from human saliva samples, and showed that cotton may interfere with immunoassay results by retaining water molecules, by releasing plant-hormones from the material or by binding of IgA to the cotton fibres [25,26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another aspect that has to be taken into account when interpreting these results is the fact that it cannot be excluded that the repeated sampling of the pigs with different rope types in a fixed collection order could have affected the results. In this aspect, Olsen et al [18] already showed that in pen-based oral fluid sampling, the collection order does bias results in a non-uniform but statistically significant way.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is however possible that rope material has an important impact on the amount of antibodies and on the predominant antibody isotypes in samples collected via this method. For instance, oral fluid specimens collected from pigs with cotton or hemp contained higher amounts of PRRSV-specific IgG compared to samples collected with nylon rope [18]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of total and PRRSV-specific antibodies in oral fluids collected with different rope types from PRRSV-vaccinated and experimentally infected pigs

et al. 2014

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BackgroundOral fluid collected by means of ropes has the potential to replace serum for monitoring and surveillance of important swine pathogens. Until now, the most commonly used method to collect oral fluid is by hanging a cotton rope in a pen. However, concerns about the influence of rope material on subsequent immunological assays have been raised. In this study, we evaluated six different rope materials for the collection of oral fluid and the subsequent detection of total and PRRSV-specific antibodies of different isotypes in oral fluid collected from PRRSV-vaccinated and infected pigs.ResultsAn initial experiment showed that IgA is the predominant antibody isotype in porcine saliva. Moreover, it was found that synthetic ropes may yield higher amounts of IgA, whereas all rope types seemed to be equally suitable for IgG collection. Although IgA is the predominant antibody isotype in porcine oral fluid, the PRRSV-specific IgA-based IPMA and ELISA tests were clearly not ideal for sensitive detection of PRRSV-specific IgA antibodies. In contrast, PRRSV-specific IgG in oral fluids was readily detected in PRRSV-specific IgG-based IPMA and ELISA tests, indicating that IgG is a more reliable isotype for monitoring PRRSV-specific antibody immunity in vaccinated/infected animals via oral fluids with the currently available tests.ConclusionsSince PRRSV-specific IgG detection seems more reliable than PRRSV-specific IgA detection for monitoring PRRSV-specific antibody immunity via oral fluids, and since all rope types yield equal amounts of IgG, it seems that the currently used cotton ropes are an appropriate choice for sample collection in PRRSV monitoring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of total and PRRSV-specific antibodies in oral fluids collected with different rope types from PRRSV-vaccinated and experimentally infected pigs

et al. 2014

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“…O ile wykorzystanie płynu ustnego jako matrycy do rozpoznawania patogenów w populacji świń jest coraz wnikliwej analizowane i badania w tym zakresie trwają już od dłuższego czasu, to w przypadku zastosowania tego materiału biologicznego jako matrycy do detekcji antybiotyków, dostępne badania i dane literaturowe są dość mocno ograniczone (18,19,24,25,30).…”

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Oral fluid as material for non-invasive antibiotics detection in pigs

Gajda¹,

Posyniak²

2017

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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Intensive and massive pig production often contributes to excessive administration of antibacterials in veterinary medicine. The misuse and failures to follow the label directions of antibiotics, as well as withdrawal inadequacy, can lead to their residue occurrence in products of animal origin. The residue of drugs may result in many biological adverse effects and allergic reactions in consumers as well as the spread of drug-resistant bacteria and bacterial resistance acquisition. Consolidation of pig production requires ensuring adequate conditions of the maintenance of animals with high health conditions, consistent with the guidelines for animal welfare. At the same time, the control of antibiotics in animals is an important element providing the high quality of pigs breeding, as well as the protection of consumers. In residue monitoring programs, the primary material for the control of antibiotics presence in pigs are tissue samples, collected from animals at the slaughterhouse. However, post-mortem analysis does not give the opportunity of monitoring the usage of antibiotics on the farm during the breeding of animals. In ante mortem drug analysis blood can be used as a diagnostic biological matrix; however, blood sampling is connected with certain disadvantages for the animals and the staff responsible for material collection. The post-mortem detection and presence of antibiotic residues in pork tissues above MRL values very often lead to the recall and destruction of significant quantities of meat, which may contribute to economic losses. Therefore, a strong need to find and implement new methods for ante-mortem detection of antibiotics in animals exists, which minimize interference in animal welfare. The results of preliminary studies demonstrate that oral fluid seems to be an effective tool for monitoring the reasonable treatment and residue avoidance. It offers a cost-effective approach for the screening of large populations of animals. The method of oral fluid collection with cotton rope usage allows for the rapid sampling of material. In case of positive oral fluid ante-mortem analysis results, the slaughtering of animals can be delayed, which can bring the avoidance of costs connected with the non-compliant pig meat destruction.

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