“…Moreover, the immunoregulatory function of jellyfish collagen has been highlighted in vivo, resulting in the enhancement of the antigen-specific immune response (Morishige et al, 2011). Jellyfish collagen also highly stimulated production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 by macrophages (Putra et al, 2012), through activation of NF-κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase via the Tolllike receptor 4 signalling pathway (Putra, Nishi, Shiraishi, Doi, & Sugahara, 2014). However, studies on the effects of jellyfish collagen on the innate immune response have rarely been reported.…”