Effect of cold working on the corrosion resistance of JPCA stainless steel in flowing Pb–Bi at 450°C

Rivai, Abu Khalid; Saito, Shigeru; Tezuka, Masao; Kato, Chiaki; Kikuchi, Kenji

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.11.022

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, considering the poor wettability of LBE to 316L SS, the corrosion depth could be larger because slip at the solid/liquid boundary enhances the turbulence level in the near-wall region [55]. In addition, it is known that the structural steel will withstand strong irradiation during its service period, and it has been also reported that the cold-worked steel experiences different corrosion behaviors than the solution-annealed steel in LBE under static and flow LBE conditions, which can be attributed to the alteration of the dominant corrosion process [56,57]. It has also been pointed out that the effects of steel microstructure on FAC depend on the relative thickness between the selective corrosion layer in the solid and the diffusion boundary layer in the fluid.…”

Section: Comparison Of Predicted Corrosion Depth and Measured Corrosimentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow-Accelerated Corrosion of Type 316L Stainless Steel Caused by Turbulent Lead–Bismuth Eutectic Flow

Wan

Saito

2018

Metals

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Lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE), a heavy liquid metal, is an ideal candidate coolant material for Generation-IV fast reactors and accelerator-driven systems (ADSs), but LBE is also known to pose a considerable corrosive threat to its container. However, the susceptibility of the candidate container material, 316L stainless steel (SS), to flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC) under turbulent LBE flow, is not well understood. In this study, an LBE loop, referred to as JLBL-1, was used to experimentally study the behavior of 316L SS when subjected to FAC for 3000 h under non-isothermal conditions. An orificed tube specimen, consisting of a straight tube that abruptly narrows and widens at each end, was installed in the loop. The specimen temperature was 450 °C, and a temperature difference between the hottest and coldest legs of the loop was 100 °C. The oxygen concentration in the LBE was lower than 10−8 wt %. The Reynolds number in the test specimen was approximately 5 × 104. The effects of various hydrodynamic parameters on FAC behavior were studied with the assistance of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses, and then a mass transfer study was performed by integrating a corrosion model into the CFD analyses. The results show that the local turbulence level affects the mass concentration distribution in the near-wall region, and therefore, the mass transfer coefficient across the solid/liquid interface. The corrosion depth was predicted on the basis of the mass transfer coefficient obtained in the numerical simulation and was compared with that obtained in the loop. For the abrupt narrow part, the predicted corrosion depth was comparable with the measured corrosion depth, as was the abrupt wide part after involving the wall roughness effects in the prediction; for the straight tube part, the predicted corrosion depth is about 1.3–3.5 times the average experimental corrosion depth, and the possible reason for this discrepancy was provided.

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Section: Comparison Of Predicted Corrosion Depth and Measured Corrosimentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow-Accelerated Corrosion of Type 316L Stainless Steel Caused by Turbulent Lead–Bismuth Eutectic Flow

Wan

Saito

2018

Metals

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“…Liquid Pb-Bi eutectic is also a spallation target material and a coolant for ADS (Accelerator Driven Transmutation System) [1][2][3]. However, the development of LFR and ADS meets with the corrosive characteristic of liquid Pb-Bi eutectic to metals especially iron, nickel and chromium as constituent materials of fuel cladding and structural of the reactors [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many types of materials have been developed in many countries to overcome the issue i.e. steels, ceramics, refractory metals, and coated steels [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Up to now, steels are the most candidates for fuel cladding and structural materials of LFR and ADS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-Channels Early Formation Investigation on Stainless Steel 316Ti after Immersion in Molten Pb-Bi

Rivai

Mardiyanto

Heinzel

2017

MST

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Development of fuel cladding and structural materials in Pb-Bi environment, especially at high temperature, is a critical issue for the deployment of LFR (Lead alloy-cooled Fast Reactor) and ADS (Accelerator Driven Transmutation System). This is because of the corrosive characteristic of Pb-Bi to metals as constituent materials of fuel cladding and structural of the reactors. Corrosion test of a high-chromium austenitic stainless steel i.e. SS316Ti in molten Pb-Bi at 550 ºC has been carried out for about 300 hours continuously. The characterization using SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) showed that an iron oxide as the outer layer and a chromium oxide as the inner layer on the surface of the specimen were formed which in general have protected the steel specimen from corrosion and dissolution attack of Pb-Bi. However, small amount of Pb could penetrate into the iron oxide layer through ultra-narrow channels. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) with Electrostatic Force Microscopy (EFM) mode was employed to investigate the phenomena of the nano-channels early formation. The results of the nano-scale investigation showed clearly the formation of the channels at the early time of corrosion as the way of Pb to penetrate into iron oxide outer layer. Abstrak Investigasi Pembentukan Awal Saluran-Nano pada Baja SS316Ti Setelah Pembenaman di Cairan Pb-Bi Pengembangan material kelongsong bahan bakar dan struktur reaktor nuklir di lingkungan Pb-Bi terutama pada temperatur tinggi merupakan isu penting bagi penyiapan LFR (reaktor cepat berpendingin paduan timbal) dan ADS (sistem transmutasi yang digerakkan oleh akselerator). Hal ini karena karakteristik korosif Pb-Bi pada logam bahan penyusun dari kelongsong bahan bakar dan struktur reaktor. Pengujian korosi baja austenitik kromium tinggi yaitu SS316Ti dalam cairan Pb-Bi pada temperatur 550 ºC telah dilakukan selama sekitar 300 jam secara kontinu. Hasil analisis SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) menunjukkan bahwa oksida besi sebagai lapisan luar dan oksida kromium sebagai lapisan dalam pada permukaan spesimen telah terbentuk yang secara umum melindungi spesimen baja dari korosi dan serangan disolusi Pb-Bi. Namun, sejumlah kecil Pb dapat menembus ke dalam lapisan oksida besi melalui saluran ultra-celah sempit. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) dengan mode EFM (Electrostatic Force Microscopy) telah digunakan untuk menyelidiki fenomena pembentukan awal saluran tersebut. Hasil penyelidikan skala nano menunjukkan dengan jelas pembentukan saluran tersebut pada saat awal proses korosi yang menjadi jalan bagi Pb untuk menembus lapisan luar oksida besi.

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“…Therefore, it is of importance to investigate the effect of cold rolling on the oxidation resistance of T91 steel in LBE. In fact, several researches have shown the influence of cold rolling on the oxidation resistance of austenitic steels in LBE [8][9][10]. It has been reported that cold rolling improved the oxidation resistance of austenitic steel due to the formation of a protective oxide layer, which was caused by enhancing the Cr diffusion through structural transformation [8] or grain refinement [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, several researches have shown the influence of cold rolling on the oxidation resistance of austenitic steels in LBE [8][9][10]. It has been reported that cold rolling improved the oxidation resistance of austenitic steel due to the formation of a protective oxide layer, which was caused by enhancing the Cr diffusion through structural transformation [8] or grain refinement [9]. Nevertheless, it has also been reported that cold rolling aggravated the oxidation resistance of austenitic steel because the increase in dislocation density induced by cold rolling accelerated the Cr and Ni dissolution into LBE [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cold rolling on the oxidation resistance of T91 steel in oxygen-saturated stagnant liquid lead-bismuth eutectic at 450 °C and 550 °C

Dong

Wang

et al. 2016

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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The compatibility of T91 steels having different preparation processes with oxygen-saturated stagnant lead-bismuth eutectic have been investigated at 450 o C and 550 o C. It is found that cold rolling decreases the thickness of the oxide scale of T91 steel by forming a continuous enhanced Cr-rich belt in the inner oxide layer next to the internal oxidation zone, which is attributed to the rapid diffusion of Cr induced by numerous non-equilibrium grain boundaries and migrating dislocations.

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Effect of cold working on the corrosion resistance of JPCA stainless steel in flowing Pb–Bi at 450°C

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Flow-Accelerated Corrosion of Type 316L Stainless Steel Caused by Turbulent Lead–Bismuth Eutectic Flow

Flow-Accelerated Corrosion of Type 316L Stainless Steel Caused by Turbulent Lead–Bismuth Eutectic Flow

Nano-Channels Early Formation Investigation on Stainless Steel 316Ti after Immersion in Molten Pb-Bi

Effect of cold rolling on the oxidation resistance of T91 steel in oxygen-saturated stagnant liquid lead-bismuth eutectic at 450 °C and 550 °C

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