Effect of cold-water irrigation on bacterial wilt pathogen of tomato

Tajul, M. I.; Meon, Sariah; Latif, Muhammad Abdul; Toyota, Koki

doi:10.1080/09670874.2011.617134

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The differences in soil temperature have more impact on the pathogenesis, development and severity of the disease than that in the air (Gallegly Jr. and Walker 1949). Although the increase in the severity of bacterial wilt has a direct relationship with the soil temperature yet it differs from cultivar to cultivar (Aslam et al 2017a, b;Grieve 1943;Kelman 1953;Mew and Ho 1977;Tajul et al 2011;Vaughan 1944). The degree of movement of the bacterium in the stems relies mainly on moisture and the temperature in the soil optimally at 32 °C (Kelman 1953).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributional spectrum of bacterial wilt of chili incited by Ralstonia solanacearum in Pakistan

Aslam

Mukhtar

2023

Bragantia

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The production of chili is seriously threatened by bacterial wilt incited by Ralstonia solanacearum in Pakistan. As the information about the distribution and prevalence of the disease and the pathogen is scarce, the present study was performed to ascertain the prevalence, occurrence and distribution of R. solanacearum in different regions of chili cultivation. The results showed differences in the incidence and prevalence of bacterial wilt all over the country. Overall, an incidence of 10% and prevalence of 76% of the disease was observed in the country. The highest incidence of bacterial wilt was observed in the province of Sindh whereas it was the lowest in Baluchistan. The prevalence of the disease followed the similar trend in the provinces. As regards agroecological zones, the highest incidence was recorded in Indus delta followed by sandy deserts whereas it was the lowest in western dry mountains. Almost the same tendency was observed regarding prevalence in the eight agroecological zones. In case of districts, the disease incidence was the maximum in Badin while it was the minimum in the district of Loralai. On the other hand, the disease prevalence was the maximum (100%) in the districts of Badin, Mirpurkhas, and Thatta and the minimum (60%) in the districts of Barkhan, Karak, and Loralai. Of the total 114 isolates of R. solanacearum, 81% were confirmed as Biovar 3 whereas the rest 19% isolates were identified as Biovar 4. The findings will help the farmers to design disease management programs accordingly to avert yield losses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributional spectrum of bacterial wilt of chili incited by Ralstonia solanacearum in Pakistan

Aslam

Mukhtar

2023

Bragantia

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“…Therefore, cultivation acreage, production, and consumption of tomatoes were substantially increased in worldwide [2]. Due to perennial growth on a large scale; tomato is susceptible to various biotic and abiotic factors which adversely affect the plant growth, crop yield, different biochemical changes and physiological processes in plants [3]. Among biotic factors the bacterial diseases are one of the major constraints in tomato production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable and Ecofriendly Approach of Managing Soil Born Bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Using Dried Powder of Conyza canadensis

et al. 2020

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Bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating plant disease that inflicts heavy losses to the large number of economic host plants it infects. The potential of dried powder of the Conyza canadensis to control bacterial wilt (BW) of tomato was explored in vitro and in planta. Three application times (16 days before transplanting (DBT), 8 DBT and 0 DBT), three plastic-mulch durations (10 days plastic mulching (DPM), 5DPM and 0DPM) and four doses viz. 0 g, 8 g, 16 g and 24 g of the plant powder were evaluated. SEM analysis was also conducted to observe the change in bacterial cell morphology. Ethanol extract of dried C. canadensis in different concentrations inhibited the in vitro growth of R. solanacearum by as much as 98% of that produced by ampicillin. As evident from the scanning electron micrograph, the highest concentration produced severe morphologic changes, such as rupture of the bacterial cell walls and cell contents leaked out. Results from application time and dose experiment demonstrated that the highest powder dose viz. 24 g kg−1 mixed with infested soil 16 DBT gave maximum root length (34.0 ± 2.5 cm), plant height (74.3 ± 4.7 cm), fresh biomass (58.3 ± 4.3 g), reduction in bacterial population (1.52 log10) and resulted in lowest AUDPC value (1156.6). In case of mulching duration and dose experiment the maximum root length (39.6 ± 3.2 cm), plant height (78.3 ± 5.8 cm), fresh biomass (65.6 ± 4.9 g) reduction in bacterial population (1.59 log10) and lowest AUDPC value (1251.6) was achieved through the application of highest powder dose viz. 24 g kg−1 and longest plastic mulching duration of 10 DPM. The better results of highest dose and longer application time can be explained on the basis of higher amounts of anti-microbial plant bio-active compounds in highest dose and the longer exposure time of the pathogen to these chemicals. The better results of longer mulching duration are due to faster and more complete decomposition (because of 10-days-long plastic-mulch-provided increased solar heat) of the dried powder which produced more amounts of volatile and non-volatile bactericidal compounds. Our results clearly suggest that the use of 24 g kg−1 dried plant powder of C. canadensis plastic-mulched for two weeks could be used as a reliable component of the integrated disease management program against BW.

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“…The variations in soil temperature are more influential in disease initiation and severity as compared to variation in air temperature (Gallegly & Walker, 1949). The increase in bacterial wilt disease is directly proportional to soil temperature but it varies from cultivar to cultivar (Grieve, 1943;Vaughan, 1944;Kelman, 1953;Mew & Ho, 1977;Tajul et al, 2011). The movement rate of the pathogen in the stem is directly dependent on soil temperature (32ºC opt.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplemental Information 1: Incidence of Bacterial Wilt of Chilies Caused by R. Solanacearum in Ten Sites of District Th

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Background. Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the major constraints in the production of chilies in Pakistan. As the information regarding distribution and prevalence of R. solanacearum is exiguous, the present studies were conducted during 2014-15 to determine the incidence and prevalence of R. solanacearum in the major chili growing areas from different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan. Results. The overall incidence and prevalence of R. solanacearum in the country was found to be 10% and 76% respectively. Of the four provinces, maximum disease incidence of 16.4% was recorded in Sindh province followed by Punjab and Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa showing 11.4% and 7% disease incidences respectively and the minimum incidence of 4.9% was observed in the province of Baluchistan. As regards prevalence, the same pattern was observed. Out of 8 agro-ecological zones the maximum disease incidence of 19.5% was observed in Indus delta followed by Sandy deserts (14.1%) while the minimum disease incidence of 5% was found in Western dry mountains. The disease incidence in other zones ranged between 5.4 and 14.1%. Similar trend was noticed regarding prevalence being the maximum in Indus delta (100%) followed by Southern irrigated plains (90%). Out of 114 R. solanacearum strains, 92 (81%) were identified as Biovar 3 while the remaining 22 (19%) were recognized as Biovar 4. Biovar 3 was recorded from all the four provinces and was found to be predominant in all the provinces while Biovar 4 was found in the Punjab and Sindh provinces only. Similarly, biovar 3 was observed from all the eight agro ecological zones and found to be predominant. On the other hand, biovar 4 was recorded from four agro ecological zones. Conclusions. The study provides first comprehensive report about the distribution of bacterial wilt of chilies in all the agro ecological zones of the country. The disease has been found fairly distributed in the country with varying intensities warranting stringent surveillance and control measures to minimize yield losses.

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Effect of cold-water irrigation on bacterial wilt pathogen of tomato

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Distributional spectrum of bacterial wilt of chili incited by Ralstonia solanacearum in Pakistan

Distributional spectrum of bacterial wilt of chili incited by Ralstonia solanacearum in Pakistan

Sustainable and Ecofriendly Approach of Managing Soil Born Bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Using Dried Powder of Conyza canadensis

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