Effect of cold storage on the viability of Exorista japonica (Townsend) (Diptera: Tachinidae) pupae of an important parasitoid of noctuid larvae

Predatory Capacity and Reproduction of Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Hemiptera: Miridae) Adults Exposed to Low-Temperature Storage and Fitness of the F1 Generation

“…In this study, LTS did not influence the longevity of the post-storage C. lividipennis adults but significantly reduced the number of offspring nymphs per female by 55.6% in the post-storage females compared with the control females. A similar fecundity cost has been observed in most post-storage parasitoids and predators, such as the wasp parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor Say [ 23 ], two olive fruit fly parasitoids, Psyttalia humilis (Silvestri) and P. ponerophaga (Silvestri) [ 26 ], the fly parasitoids Exorista japonica (Townsend) [ 24 ] and E. larvarum (L.) [ 19 ], the predatory mite N. californicus [ 20 ], and the green lacewing Chrysopa pallens Wesmael [ 25 ], among the others. By contrast, H. axyridis beetles post-storage of 120 days at 6 °C have similar fecundity as the control beetles [ 27 ].…”

“…Cold storage usually entails fitness costs in the exposed parental generation of IPM predators [ 11 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. In this study, LTS did not influence the longevity of the post-storage C. lividipennis adults but significantly reduced the number of offspring nymphs per female by 55.6% in the post-storage females compared with the control females.…”

“…By contrast, H. axyridis beetles post-storage of 120 days at 6 °C have similar fecundity as the control beetles [ 27 ]. Compromised longevity resulting from LTS is also reported in many natural enemies, including E. larvarum [ 19 ], H. hebetor [ 23 ], and E. japonica [ 24 ]. The mechanisms for the fitness costs observed with LTS are complex but are apparently connected with chilling injury, which can arrest ovarian development, reduce the activities of protease, lipase, and trehalase [ 25 ], hinder membrane lipid phase transition, and disturb ion homeostasis [ 28 ].…”

Optimal cold storage protocol for Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a biological control agent for coleopteran pests in stored products

“…The emergence time indicates whether the storage temperature retards parasitoid development, aiding in determining the appropriate time for removing the parasitoids from storage when necessary. The accumulation of low‐temperature chilling damage often delays the development of parasitoids, 15 and this delay time can vary with different species and cold storage durations 26,36,37 …”

“…The accumulation of low-temperature chilling damage often delays the development of parasitoids, 15 and this delay time can vary with different species and cold storage durations. 26,36,37 Enhancing vitality, reproductive capacity, and parasitization is critical for the use of parasitoids. Those with a longer life span have more time to search for and locate hosts; hence, efficient egg production and parasitism support population sustainability and their ability for effective pest control.…”