Effect of cold, isometric exercise, and combination of both on aortic pulse in healthy subjects

Geleris, Parashos; Stavrati, Alexia; Boudoulas, Harisios

doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2003.09.059

Cited by 43 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…42 Similar changes in aortic PWV were reported when measurements were taken 5-10 min 44 and 20 min 45 after the acute bout of static exercise. These findings are in agreement with our results.…”

Section: Lydakis Et Alsupporting

confidence: 62%

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Changes of central haemodynamic parameters during mental stress and acute bouts of static and dynamic exercise

et al. 2008

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Chronic dynamic (aerobic) exercise decreases central arterial stiffness, whereas chronic resistance exercise evokes the opposite effect. Nevertheless, there is little information available on the effects of acute bouts of exercise. Also, there is limited data showing an increase of central arterial stiffness during acute mental stress. This study aimed to determine the effect of acute mental and physical (static and dynamic exercise) stress on indices of central arterial stiffness. Fifteen young healthy volunteers were studied. The following paradigms were performed: (1) 2 min of mental arithmetic, (2) short bouts (20 s) of static handgrip at 20 and 70% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), (3) fatiguing handgrip at 40% MVC and (4) incremental dynamic knee extensor exercise. Central aortic waveforms were assessed using SphygmoCor software. As compared to baseline, pulse wave transit time decreased significantly for all four interventions indicating that central arterial stiffness increased. During fatiguing handgrip there was a fall in the ratio of peripheral to central pulse pressure from 1.69 ± 0.02 at baseline to 1.56±0.05 (Po0.05). In the knee extensor protocol a nonsignificant trend for the opposite effect was noted. The augmentation index increased significantly during the arithmetic, short static and fatiguing handgrip protocols, whereas there was no change in the knee extensor protocol. We conclude that (1) during all types of acute stress tested in this study (including dynamic exercise) estimated central stiffness increased, (2) during static exercise the workload posed on the left ventricle (expressed as change in central pulse pressure) is relatively higher than that posed during dynamic exercise (given the same pulse pressure change in the periphery).

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Section: Lydakis Et Alsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…In two previous studies during isometric handgrip exercise, an increase of PWV 42,43 and augmentation index was noted. 42 Similar changes in aortic PWV were reported when measurements were taken 5-10 min 44 and 20 min 45 after the acute bout of static exercise.…”

Section: Lydakis Et Almentioning

confidence: 72%

Changes of central haemodynamic parameters during mental stress and acute bouts of static and dynamic exercise

et al. 2008

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“…The increase in MAP observed in the present study is likely due to increased total peripheral vascular resistance due to -adrenergic vasoconstriction of muscular arteries and arterioles elicited by the acute cold and/or pain stress (Dinenno et al 2001). Vasoconstriction of peripheral muscular arteries and arterioles also leads to an increase in pulse wave velocity (PWV) (Geleris et al 2004) and possibly a decrease in the distance of peripheral reXecting sites (i.e., more proximal reXecting sites). Although PWV was not directly assessed in the present study, Tr was decreased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Changes in central artery blood pressure and wave reflection during a cold pressor test in young adults

2008

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The relative contribution of sympathetic nervous system (SNS)-induced increase in peripheral vascular resistance on central artery blood pressure (BP) and aortic wave reflection (augmentation index; AIx) is not completely understood. Central BP and wave reflection characteristics were measured using radial artery applanation tonometry before, during a 3-min cold pressor test (CPT), and 90 and 180-s post-CPT in 15 young, healthy adults (25 +/- 1 years). The CPT resulted in a greater magnitude of change in the estimated aortic systolic (31 vs. 23%, P < 0.05) and pulse (31 vs. 13%, P < 0.05) BP compared with the change in brachial artery BP. Additionally, the CPT resulted in an increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) (P < 0.05) and AIx (10 +/- 2 vs. 26 +/- 2%, P < 0.05). The change in MAP during the CPT was correlated to the change in AIx (r = 0.73, P < 0.01) and inversely related to roundtrip duration of the reflected wave to the periphery and back (r = -0.57, P < 0.05). The present study suggests that cold pressor testing results in a significant increase in arterial wave reflection intensity, possibly due to an increased MAP. However, the greater increase in systolic and pulse BP in the central compared with the peripheral circulation suggests that increased central artery wave reflection intensity contributes to increased left ventricular myocardial oxygen demand during CPT-induced hypertension.

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“…34 However, such exercise needs to be cardiovascular in nature (ie, aerobic, involving large muscle groups) because compelling evidence exists showing that strength (or resistance) training is associated with greater arterial stiffness. [35][36][37] Whether aerobic physical activity has to lead to increases in VO 2 max to be favorably associated with arterial adaptations is, however, not clear. 15,18,21,33 Two recent intervention studies have indicated that a 3-month aerobic exercise training program significantly decreased arterial stiffness, arguing that this decrease in arterial stiffness was independent of concomitant increases in VO 2 max (and beneficial changes in other risk factors).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Arterial Stiffness

et al. 2004

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Abstract-Poor cardiorespiratory fitness and low physical activity have been identified as determinants of greater arterial stiffness, a mechanism that can partially explain the association of both variables with increased cardiovascular disease. However, the nature of these associations are not clear because cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity can both mediate and confound the associations of one another with arterial stiffness. This issue was therefore examined in a population-based cohort of young adults. Subjects included 405 young men and women participating in an ongoing longitudinal study, the Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project. Pulse wave velocity was used to determine arterial stiffness in 2 arterial segments (aortoiliac and aortodorsalis pedis) using a noninvasive optical method. Cardiovascular fitness was estimated with a submaximal cycle test of physical work capacity and physical activity was estimated using a modified Baecke questionnaire. Associations were investigated with the use of multiple linear regression models with adjustment for potential confounders and/or intermediate variables. Cardiorespiratory fitness and sports-related physical activity (but not leisure-and work-related physical activity) were inversely associated with arterial stiffness in young adults. The associations between sports-related physical activity and arterial stiffness were strongly mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness, whereas physical activity levels did not disturb the associations between cardiopulmonary fitness and arterial stiffness. These findings suggest that arterial stiffness-related benefits of exercise are most likely to accrue if exercise prescription in young adults targets improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness.

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Effect of cold, isometric exercise, and combination of both on aortic pulse in healthy subjects

Cited by 43 publications

References 12 publications

Changes of central haemodynamic parameters during mental stress and acute bouts of static and dynamic exercise

Changes of central haemodynamic parameters during mental stress and acute bouts of static and dynamic exercise

Changes in central artery blood pressure and wave reflection during a cold pressor test in young adults

Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Arterial Stiffness

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