“…The production of monolithic MMCs using synthesized nanoparticles of bean pod ash has been extensively documented [147,149,158]. Agro wastes reduced to nanoparticles and used as reinforcements in MMCs tend to exhibit better dislocations, allowing for improved interaction within the composite matrix and resulting in enhanced mechanical properties compared to microparticles, as evidenced in studies by ref.…”
Section: Monolithic Metal Matrix Compositesmentioning
The utilization of agro waste as reinforcement in metal matrix composites (MMCs) has sparked interest regarding its feasibility and sustainability in engineering practices. Compared to synthetic reinforcements, its efficacy as a potentially cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative has been explored by diverse studies. This review critically examines existing literature on agro waste-based reinforced MMCs, evaluating experimental findings on mechanical, tribological, density, and corrosion performance from a sustainable engineering perspective. Furthermore, it explores the innovative strategy of employing multi-component metal matrix composites to fabricate composites with improved performance attributes. The utilization of multi-component reinforcements has the capability to tackle issues like the challenge of disproportionate reduction in ductility and toughness peculiar to monolithic and hybrid MMCs. Despite promising results in some studies, numerous unexplored research areas and gaps remain, emphasizing the need for further investigation to provide valuable guidance for future research and development of agro waste in sustainable engineering applications.
“…The production of monolithic MMCs using synthesized nanoparticles of bean pod ash has been extensively documented [147,149,158]. Agro wastes reduced to nanoparticles and used as reinforcements in MMCs tend to exhibit better dislocations, allowing for improved interaction within the composite matrix and resulting in enhanced mechanical properties compared to microparticles, as evidenced in studies by ref.…”
Section: Monolithic Metal Matrix Compositesmentioning
The utilization of agro waste as reinforcement in metal matrix composites (MMCs) has sparked interest regarding its feasibility and sustainability in engineering practices. Compared to synthetic reinforcements, its efficacy as a potentially cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative has been explored by diverse studies. This review critically examines existing literature on agro waste-based reinforced MMCs, evaluating experimental findings on mechanical, tribological, density, and corrosion performance from a sustainable engineering perspective. Furthermore, it explores the innovative strategy of employing multi-component metal matrix composites to fabricate composites with improved performance attributes. The utilization of multi-component reinforcements has the capability to tackle issues like the challenge of disproportionate reduction in ductility and toughness peculiar to monolithic and hybrid MMCs. Despite promising results in some studies, numerous unexplored research areas and gaps remain, emphasizing the need for further investigation to provide valuable guidance for future research and development of agro waste in sustainable engineering applications.
“…Research has found that large initial cavity volumes can cause reduced fracture strain of pre-stretched aluminum alloy plates [5]. Cold-rolling can avoid oxide inclusions and enhance its mechanical properties, in particular its fracture toughness [6]. Recrystallization has been shown…”
Rare earth (RE) elements have positive effects on Al alloy, while most research is focused on microstructure and mechanical properties. As important application indices, toughness and plasticity are properties that are sensitive to alloy fracture characteristics, and few research studies have characterized the fracture properties of Al-Cu-Mn alloy on RE elements. The effect of different contents of Y on the fracture properties of Al-Cu-Mn alloy is investigated. T6 heat treatment (solid solution and artificial aging treatment), optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) methods are applied to the alloy. Results showed that when Y element is present at 0.1%, the section of the as-cast alloy has smaller sized dimples and the fracture mode presents ductile features. Slight changes in hardness are also observed and maintained at about 60 HV. With increasing content of the RE element Y from 0.1 to 0.5%, the θ phase and Cu atoms in the matrix were reduced and most stopped at Grain boundaries (GBs). Micro-segregation and an enriched zone of Y near the GBs gradually increased. At the same time, the inter-metallic compound AlCuY is aggregated at grain junctions causing deterioration of the micro-structure and fracture properties of the alloy. After T6 treatment, the flatness of the fracture surface was lower than that of all the ascast alloy showing lots of dimples and teared edges with a significant increase in hardness. When Y content was 0.1%, the strength and hardness of the alloy increased due to refinement of the grain strengthening effect. The content of Y elements segregated in the inter-dendritic zone and GBs is reduced. Plasticity and deformation compatibility also improved, making cracks difficult to form and merge with each other along adjacent grain junctions and providing an increased potential for ductile fracture. This paper proposes the addition of RE Y as an effective and prospective strategy to improve the fracture properties of the Al-Cu-Mn alloy and provide a meaningful reference in terms of improving overall performance. which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
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