Effect of cold acclimation on the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscles and liver in young bantam chicks

Aulie, Arnfinn; Grav, Hans J.

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(79)90066-5

Cited by 45 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…By 2 wk of age, i.e., at a time where chicks acquire thermal emancipation and improved thermoregulatory ability (10), pectoralis COX activity was increased threefold. Similarly, marked increases in aerobic and ␤-oxidative activities of skeletal muscles coincided with the ontogeny of thermoregulatory ability in red-winged blackbirds (34) or increased thermogenic capacity in cold-exposed birds (1,3,16). The development of endothermy in Adélie penguin chicks may therefore depend on the biochemical maturation of skeletal muscles and especially pectoralis muscles devoid of locomotor function on land.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Ontogeny of muscle bioenergetics in Adélie penguin chicks (Pygoscelis adeliae)

Fongy

Romestaing

Blanc

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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The ontogeny of pectoralis muscle bioenergetics was studied in growing Adélie penguin chicks during the first month after hatching and compared with adults using permeabilized fibers and isolated mitochondria. With pyruvate-malate-succinate or palmitoyl-carnitine as substrates, permeabilized fiber respiration markedly increased during chick growth (3-fold) and further rose in adults (1.4-fold). Several markers of muscle fiber oxidative activity (cytochrome oxidase, citrate synthase, hydroxyl-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase) increased 6- to 19-fold with age together with large rises in intermyofibrillar (IMF) and subsarcolemmal (SS) mitochondrial content (3- to 5-fold) and oxidative activities (1.5- to 2.4-fold). The proportion of IMF relative to SS mitochondria increased with chick age but markedly dropped in adults. Differences in oxidative activity between mitochondrial fractions were reduced in adults compared with hatched chicks. Extrapolation of mitochondrial to muscle respirations revealed similar figures with isolated mitochondria and permeabilized fibers with carbohydrate-derived but not with lipid-derived substrates, suggesting diffusion limitations of lipid substrates with permeabilized fibers. Two immunoreactive fusion proteins, mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), were detected by Western blots on mitochondrial extracts and their relative abundance increased with age. Muscle fiber respiration was positively related with Mfn2 and OPA1 relative abundance. Present data showed by two complementary techniques large ontogenic increases in muscle oxidative activity that may enable birds to face thermal emancipation and growth in childhood and marine life in adulthood. The concomitant rise in mitochondrial fusion protein abundance suggests a role of mitochondrial networks in the skeletal muscle processes of bioenergetics that enable penguins to overcome harsh environmental constraints.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Ontogeny of muscle bioenergetics in Adélie penguin chicks (Pygoscelis adeliae)

Fongy

Romestaing

Blanc

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase activity Cytochrome oxidase activity in liver homogenate and mitochondria was determined polarographically at 25°C using a Clark oxygen electrode by the procedure of Aulie & Grav (1979) modified by Barré et al (1987), in 1-5 ml of reaction medium containing cytochrome-C (30 pmol/1), rotenone (4 pmol/1), dinitrophenol (DNP; 0-5 mmol/1), Na-malonate (10 mmol/1), Hepes buffer (75 mmol/1), pH 7-4. Liver mitochondria diluted in a modified Chappel-Perry medium corresponded to 0-1 mg mitochondrial pro¬ tein or liver homogenate (20 pg/ml).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 3,3′-di-iodothyronine and 3,5-di-iodothyronine on rat liver mitochondria

Lanni

Moreno²,

Cioffi³

et al. 1993

Journal of Endocrinology

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In the present study we report that 3,3',5-tri-iodothyronine (T3) as well as two iodothyronines (3,5-di-iodothyronine (3,5-T2) and 3,3'-di-iodothyronine (3,3'-T2)) significantly influence rat liver mitochondrial activity. Liver oxidative capacity (measured as cytochrome oxidase activity/g wet tissue) in hypothyroid compared with normal rats was significantly reduced (21%, P > 0.01) and the administration of T3 and both iodothyronines restored normal values. At the mitochondrial level, treatment with T3 stimulated respiratory activity (state 4 and state 3) and did not influence cytochrome oxidase activity. On the other hand, both the mitochondrial respiratory rate and specific cytochrome oxidase activity significantly increased in hypothyroid animals after treatment with 3,3'-T2 or 3,5-T2 (about 50 and 40% respectively). The actions of both iodothyronines were rapid and evident by 1 h after the injection. The hepatic mitochondrial protein content which decreased in hypothyroid rats (9.6 mg/g liver compared with 14.1 in normal controls, P < 0.05) was restored by T3 injection, while neither T2 was able to restore it. Our results suggest that T3 and both iodothyronines have different mechanisms of action. T3 acts on both mitochondrial mass and activity; the action on mitochondrial activity was not exerted at the cytochrome oxidase complex level. The action of the iodothyronines, on the other hand, is exerted directly on the cytochrome oxidase complex without any noticeable action on the mitochondrial mass.

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“…During ontogeny in birds, temperature variation plays an important role in developmental processes (2,10). Embryogenesis and hatchling survival depend on incubation temperature, and low incubation temperatures lead to delayed hatching or even death of the embryo.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms underlying the development of endothermy in birds (Gallus gallus): a new role of PGC-1α?

Walter¹,

Seebacher²

2007

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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In endotherms, plasticity of internal heat production in response to environmental variability is an important component of thermoregulation. During embryogenesis endotherms cannot regulate their body temperature metabolically and are therefore similar to ectotherms. The transition from ectothermy to endothermy occurs by the development of metabolic capacity during embryogenesis. Here we test the hypothesis that the development of metabolism during embryogenesis in birds is under transcriptional control and that metabolic capacity is upregulated in colder environments. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is the major metabolic regulator in mammals. PGC-1α and its target PPARγ were significantly elevated during development in pectoral muscle and liver of chickens ( Gallus gallus) compared with adults. However, the timing of upregulation of PGC-1α and PPARγ was not in synchrony. In cool incubation temperatures (35°C) both PGC-1α and PPARγ gene expression was increased in liver but not in skeletal muscle, compared with a 38°C incubation treatment. Cytochrome c oxidase and citrate synthase enzyme activities and ATP synthase gene expression increased during embryonic development in liver and muscle, and there was a significant effect of incubation temperature on these parameters. Our findings suggest that PGC-1α might be important for establishing endothermic metabolic capacity during embryogenesis in birds.

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Effect of cold acclimation on the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscles and liver in young bantam chicks

Cited by 45 publications

References 14 publications

Ontogeny of muscle bioenergetics in Adélie penguin chicks (Pygoscelis adeliae)

Ontogeny of muscle bioenergetics in Adélie penguin chicks (Pygoscelis adeliae)

Effect of 3,3′-di-iodothyronine and 3,5-di-iodothyronine on rat liver mitochondria

Molecular mechanisms underlying the development of endothermy in birds (Gallus gallus): a new role of PGC-1α?

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