Effect of Colchicine Induced Mutagenesis on Growth and Yield of Sesame (<i>Sesamum indicum</i> L.)

Abstract

Chemical mutagenesis through the use of colchicine on the seeds of two varieties of sesame (Sesamum indicum L. Var. Ex-Sudan and E-8) with the aim of inducing variability that could be exploited in the genetic improvement of its growth and yield was carried out. The sesame seeds were treated with colchicines at four different concentrations (0.1mM, 0.5mM, 1.0mM, 2.0mM and control) for two mutant generations (M 1 and M 2). Highly significant variation (P≤0.01) was observed in such quantitative traits like the germination percents, height at maturity, number of leaves produced per plant, internodes length, leaf area, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod and 1000 seeds weight which decreased with increase in colchicines concentrations. Besides these, a segment of chlorophyll deficient mutants such as: Chlorina, Xantha, Striata, Virescents and Lustescents were found among the mutant generations, with their frequency decreasing with increase in colchicines concentrations. Lower concentrations of colchicines were recommended for inducing genetic variability in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) to improve the yield of such economic plant.

Colchicine-induced mutagenesis for improved growth and yield of fonio (<i>Digitaria exilis</i> [Kippist] Stapf.)

“…This finding is similar to that of Mensah et al (2007) who reported that, there were dose related effects of mutagenic treatment on qualitative traits resulting in reductions in traits such as germination and survival percentages, plant height, number of fruit per plant, and the findings of Adamu (2004) where groundnut was treated with gamma rays; but is in contrast to the finding of Maluszynski et al (2001) who reported decrease in plant height due to induced mutation in rice. The increased in leaf number and size of fonio mutants reported is in conformity with the work of Nura et al (2011) who reported increased in leaf attributes among colchicine-induced mutants of sesame. Increased in yield components of fonio conforms to the previous reports by Khalil (2001) who reported increase in yield components for both fennel and black cumin.…”

Use of Plant Material in the Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes

“…It is a yearly erect herb that is glandular-pubescent and branches from the base. The leaves are alternate or lower appositive and frequently profoundly three lobed [51]. It is cultivated to produce seeds with a high oil content.…”