Effect of coexisting ions on recovering lithium from high Mg2+/Li+ ratio brines by selective-electrodialysis

Ji, Peng-Yuan; Ji, Zhiyong; Chen, Qing-Bai; Liu, Jie; Zhao, Yingying; Wang, Shizhao; Li, Fēi; Yuan, Junsheng

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2018.06.012

Cited by 105 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Electrodialysis equipped with monovalent selective ion exchange membranes (IEM), called selective-electrodialysis (S-ED), has recently been proposed to overcome the aforementioned issues via direct lithium extraction without the use of any extractants or adsorbents. 35–37 Monovalent cations (Li + , Na + , K + ) preferentially migrate through the monovalent selective cation exchange membranes while divalent cations (Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ ) are blocked, allowing selective lithium recovery from high Mg 2+ /Li + ratio brines. S-ED is regarded as a very promising emerging technology due to its high energy efficiency, applicability to high-salinity brine, and eco-friendliness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous ion separation via electrokinetic-driven ion migration path differentiation: practical application to lithium extraction from brines

et al. 2022

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous ion separation via electrokinetic-driven ion migration path differentiation: practical application to lithium extraction from brines

et al. 2022

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“…Lithium resources can be divided into either primary or secondary sources. Primary sources include mineral rocks [ 3 ], saline lakes [ 4 ], brines [ 5 ], sea water [ 6 ], underground water [ 7 ], and groundwater [ 8 ], while secondary sources are typically lithium obtained from recycling lithium-containing devices and components, such as batteries, capacitors [ 9 ], or general e-wastes [ 10 ]. The world’s primary reserves of lithium are estimated at over 250 billion tons [ 1 ], of which 230 billion tons are present within oceans, while the remaining amount exists as ores or continental brines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-Driven Materials and Processes for Lithium Recovery—A Review

et al. 2022

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The mass production of lithium-ion batteries and lithium-rich e-products that are required for electric vehicles, energy storage devices, and cloud-connected electronics is driving an unprecedented demand for lithium resources. Current lithium production technologies, in which extraction and purification are typically achieved by hydrometallurgical routes, possess strong environmental impact but are also energy-intensive and require extensive operational capabilities. The emergence of selective membrane materials and associated electro-processes offers an avenue to reduce these energy and cost penalties and create more sustainable lithium production approaches. In this review, lithium recovery technologies are discussed considering the origin of the lithium, which can be primary sources such as minerals and brines or e-waste sources generated from recycling of batteries and other e-products. The relevance of electro-membrane processes for selective lithium recovery is discussed as well as the potential and shortfalls of current electro-membrane methods.

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“…The recovery of lithium from a different kind of natural brines such as geothermal brine is complicated by high water salinity 200–500 g/L and the presence of hardness ions, especially magnesium ions [ 13 , 14 ]. Li + and Mg 2+ ions have very similar size of 0.076 and 0.075 nm, respectively, which requires additional efforts and processing steps in the case of a high Mg 2+ /Li + ratio [ 15 , 16 ]. Among different methods of lithium recovery (e.g., extraction, crystallization, precipitation, ion-exchange adsorption, electrodialysis), extraction and ionic adsorption are most widely used due to their high selectivity [ 10 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operation of Three-Stage Process of Lithium Recovery from Geothermal Brine: Simulation

et al. 2021

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Lithium-rich geothermal waters are considered as an alternative source, and further concentration of lithium is required for its effective recovery. In this work, we have simulated a three-stage lithium recovery process including the brine softening by precipitation Ca2+/Mg2+ cations with sodium carbonate (calculated in PHREEQC), followed by an integrated system consisting of membrane distillation unit (water evaporation), crystallizer (NaCl precipitation), and membrane extraction (Li+ recovery), which was simulated in Simulink/MATLAB. It was shown that the deterioration of membrane performance in time due to scaling/fouling plays a critical role in the performance of the system resulting in the dramatic increase of the replaced membrane modules by a factor of 5. Low cost membranes are required. The process simulation based on the experimental and literature data on the high salinity solutions with the membrane distillation revealed that the specific productivity can be achieved in the range of 9.9–880 g (Li+) per square meter of membranes in the module used before its replacement. The increase of energy efficiency is needed. The mass-flow-rate of saline solution circulated to the crystallizer was set at its almost minimum value as 6.5 kg/min to enable its successful operation at the given parameters of the membrane distillation unit. In other words, the operation of the integrated system having 140 kg of saline solution in the loop and a membrane module of 2.5 m2 for concentration of lithium presence from 0.11 up to 2.3 g/kg would be associated with the circulation of about of 259 tons of saline solution per month between the distillation unit (60 °C) and the crystallizer (15 °C) to yield of up to 1.4 kg of lithium ions. The comprehensive summary and discussion are presented in the conclusions section.

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Effect of coexisting ions on recovering lithium from high Mg2+/Li+ ratio brines by selective-electrodialysis

Cited by 105 publications

References 34 publications

Continuous ion separation via electrokinetic-driven ion migration path differentiation: practical application to lithium extraction from brines

Continuous ion separation via electrokinetic-driven ion migration path differentiation: practical application to lithium extraction from brines

Electro-Driven Materials and Processes for Lithium Recovery—A Review

Operation of Three-Stage Process of Lithium Recovery from Geothermal Brine: Simulation

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