Effect of coconut oil and defaunation treatment on methanogenesis in sheep

Machmüller, Andrea; Soliva, Carla R.; Kreuzer, Michael

doi:10.1051/rnd:2003005

Cited by 107 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…There is not a clear relationship between the number of methanogens and methanogenesis in the rumen (Nollet et al, 1998;Machmü ller et al, 2003a and2003b;Yanez-Ruiz et al, 2008;Mosoni et al personal communication), except for trials when specific inhibitors of methanogenesis were used (i.e. BSM; Denman et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial ecosystem and methanogenesis in ruminants

Morgavi

Forano²,

Martin

et al. 2010

Animal

525

406

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Ruminant production is under increased public scrutiny in terms of the importance of cattle and other ruminants as major producers of the greenhouse gas methane. Methanogenesis is performed by methanogenic archaea, a specialised group of microbes present in several anaerobic environments including the rumen. In the rumen, methanogens utilise predominantly H 2 and CO 2 as substrates to produce methane, filling an important functional niche in the ecosystem. However, in addition to methanogens, other microbes also have an influence on methane production either because they are involved in hydrogen (H 2 ) metabolism or because they affect the numbers of methanogens or other members of the microbiota. This study explores the relationship between some of these microbes and methanogenesis and highlights some functional groups that could play a role in decreasing methane emissions. Dihydrogen ('H 2 ' from this point on) is the key element that drives methane production in the rumen. Among H 2 producers, protozoa have a prominent position, which is strengthened by their close physical association with methanogens, which favours H 2 transfer from one to the other. A strong positive interaction was found between protozoal numbers and methane emissions, and because this group is possibly not essential for rumen function, protozoa might be a target for methane mitigation. An important function that is associated with production of H 2 is the degradation of fibrous plant material. However, not all members of the rumen fibrolytic community produce H 2 . Increasing the proportion of non-H 2 producing fibrolytic microorganisms might decrease methane production without affecting forage degradability. Alternative pathways that use electron acceptors other than CO 2 to oxidise H 2 also exist in the rumen. Bacteria with this type of metabolism normally occupy a distinct ecological niche and are not dominant members of the microbiota; however, their numbers can increase if the right potential electron acceptor is present in the diet. Nitrate is an alternative electron sinks that can promote the growth of particular bacteria able to compete with methanogens. Because of the toxicity of the intermediate product, nitrite, the use of nitrate has not been fully explored, but in adapted animals, nitrite does not accumulate and nitrate supplementation may be an alternative under some dietary conditions that deserves to be further studied. In conclusion, methanogens in the rumen co-exist with other microbes, which have contrasting activities. A better understanding of these populations and the pathways that compete with methanogenesis may provide novel targets for emissions abatement in ruminant production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial ecosystem and methanogenesis in ruminants

Morgavi

Forano²,

Martin

et al. 2010

Animal

525

406

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“…Numerous studies have demonstrated that the use of specific forage species, forage conservation methods and dietary lipid supplements can be used to alter milk fat composition in ruminants (Dewhurst et al, 2006;Chilliard et al, 2007;Glasser et al, 2008a). Furthermore, plant oils and oilseeds in the diet also decrease methanogenesis in ruminants (Machmü ller et al, 2003;Martin et al, 2008;Beauchemin et al, 2009). Due to the interrelationship between diet composition, rumen metabolism and mammary lipogenesis, on-farm feeding regimens for decreasing greenhouse gas emissions or altering milk fatty acid composition can also be expected to influence milk fat content ) depending on diet composition and ruminant species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants

Shingfield

Bernard

Leroux

et al. 2010

Animal

333

427

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Fat is an important constituent contributing to the organoleptic, processing and physical properties of ruminant milk. Understanding the regulation of milk fat synthesis is central to the development of nutritional strategies to enhance the nutritional value of milk, decrease milk energy secretion and improve the energy balance of lactating ruminants. Nutrition is the major environmental factor regulating the concentration and composition of fat in ruminant milk. Feeding low-fibre/high-starch diets and/or lipid supplements rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine, typically increase milk fat secretion in the caprine, whereas limited data in sheep suggest that the responses are more similar to the goat than the cow. Following the observation that reductions in milk fat synthesis during diet-induced MFD are associated with increases in the concentration of specific trans fatty acids in milk, the biohydrogenation theory of MFD was proposed, which attributes the causal mechanism to altered ruminal lipid metabolism leading to increased formation of specific biohydrogenation intermediates that exert anti-lipogenic effects. Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is the only biohydrogenation intermediate to have been infused at the abomasum over a range of experimental doses (1.25 to 14.0 g/day) and shown unequivocally to inhibit milk fat synthesis in ruminants. However, increases in ruminal trans-10, cis-12 CLA formation do not explain entirely diet-induced MFD, suggesting that other biohydrogenation intermediates and/or other mechanisms may also be involved. Experiments involving abomasal infusions (g/day) in lactating cows have provided evidence that cis-10, trans-12 CLA (1.2), trans-9, cis-11 CLA (5.0) and trans-10 18:1 (92.1) may also exert anti-lipogenic effects. Use of molecular-based approaches have demonstrated that mammary abundance of transcripts encoding for key lipogenic genes are reduced during MFD in the bovine, changes that are accompanied by decrease in sterol response element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and alterations in the expression of genes related to the SREBP1 pathway. Recent studies indicate that transcription of one or more adipogenic genes is increased in subcutaneous adipose tissue in cows during acute or chronic MFD. Feeding diets of similar composition do not induce MFD or substantially alter mammary lipogenic gene expression in the goat. The available data suggests that variation in mammary fatty acid secretion and lipogenic responses to changes in diet composition between ruminants reflect inherent interspecies differences in ruminal lipid metabolism and mammary specific regulation of cellular processes and key lipogenic enzymes involved in the synthesis of milk fat triacylglycerides.Keywords: milk fat, trans fatty acids, gene expression, lipogenesis, ruminants ImplicationsUnderstanding the regulation of milk fat synthesis is central to the development of nutritional strategies to enhance the nutritional value of milk, decrease milk-energ...

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“…Workers 9 have suggested that reduction in methane emission by up to 80% in vitro and about 25% in vivo might be possible with an addition of oils to the diets. .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An in vitro trial to study the effect of inclusion of different levels of coconut oil on sheep rumen methanogenesis and fermentation processes

Mukharji¹,

Srivastava²,

Srivastava³

2014

PBJ

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An in vitro trial was conducted in fermentation vessels under anaerobic conditions using composite feed-1 and composite feed-2 with inclusion of different levels of Coconut Oil (CO) along with buffered rumen liquor of sheep to observe the effects of oil on rumen methanogenesis and fermentation. The Composite Feed-1(CF-1) consisted of 40% of concentrate and Composite Feed-2 (CF-2) had 25 % of concentrate. The different levels of CO used were 0.5,1 and 2 µl/ml. Among the gas production and methane concentration parameters the inclusion of CO showed a significant decrease of 38.67%. A non significant effect on gas production was noted with the inclusion of CO in CF-2. Further, a decrease in total gas production and methane concentration was observed which was highly pronounced in CF-1 as compared to CF-2. The rumen digestibility by inclusion of CO in CF-1 and CF-2 decreased significantly (P < 0.01) from control.The inclusion of CO in CF-2 did not affect Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3 -N) concentration, while in CF-1 the CO inclusion increased the NH3 -N concentration. The inclusion of CO decreased the Total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration significantly (P < 0.01). In both the diets namely CF-1 and CF-2 the A:P ratio was unaffected by CO inclusion. The inclusion of CO in CF-1 had a non significant effect in pH. However, the inclusion of CO in CF-1 and CF-2 decreased the protozoa number significantly (P < 0.01). Inclusion of oil tended to decrease Gas production (GP), Metabolizable energy (ME), Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA), True Degradability of Dry Matter (TDDM) and Microbial Biomass Production (MBP). The effect was more pronounced when CO level was 1.0µl/ml or higher. From the above gas production and fermentation parameters noticed in two diets CF-1 and CF-2 with inclusion of different levels of CO, it can be envisaged that increasing the proportion of concentrate in diets and using CO as a feed additive increases the rumen efficiency by reducing the methane concentration and gas production.

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Effect of coconut oil and defaunation treatment on methanogenesis in sheep

Cited by 107 publications

References 46 publications

Microbial ecosystem and methanogenesis in ruminants

Microbial ecosystem and methanogenesis in ruminants

Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants

An in vitro trial to study the effect of inclusion of different levels of coconut oil on sheep rumen methanogenesis and fermentation processes

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