Effect of Cockele Shells on Mortars Performance in Extreme Conditions

Abstract

This paper studies the use of cockle shell as supplementary cementitious materials SCMs as substitute for cement. The cockle shells generally have a high CaO content which can alter the behavior and the properties of mortars and concrete. Cockle shell is used with weight ratios of 5, 10, 15 and 20% to formulate a mortar with cockle shell and a control mortar CM with 0% of cockle shell. The properties in the fresh state, the mechanical strength and the weight loss test as well as the depth of penetration of each mixture were carried out through the conducted experiments. Consistency and density of fresh mortars were determined, the results obtained showed that cockle shell have a significant influence on the properties of mortars in the fresh state. The different results of hardened mortars show that the introduction of cockle shell tends to accelerate the development kinetics of strength at the young age but its ratio cannot be above of 5%. Mortar with 10% presented the lower depth penetration, the loss weight increased proportionally with the increasing of cockle shell amount.

A Review on Utilizing the Marine Biorefinery Waste in Construction Raw Materials to Reduce Land Pollution and Enhance Green Environment

“…In temperature 200⁰C -356⁰C weight loss up to 1.7% Gradually the temperature increases about 600-856⁰C, the weight loss up to 43.3% [11]. Similarly, the TGA analysis conducted for oyster shell and cockle shells, it results in reduction in weight it is comparatively equal to conventional limestone [46,47]. From this thermos gravimetric analysis, the CaO content in sea shells are observed.…”

Properties of Cementitious Materials Utilizing Seashells as Aggregate or Cement: Prospects and Challenges

“…Liu et al [ 47 ] modified crushed aggregates by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium silicate (SS), which could improve the durability properties of mortar. Some studies also added other chemical additives such as naphthalene air-entraining water-reducing admixture [ 49 ], naphthalene sulphonate condensate superplasticizer [ 83 ], sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde (SNF), and superplasticizer [ 40 , 47 ].…”

“…When seashells were used as a substitute for cement, Lertwattanaruk et al [ 25 ] demonstrated that regardless of the type of shell, the linear strength loss increased with increasing seashell content. In the investigation by Abdelouahed et al [ 83 ] and Lertwattanaruk et al [ 25 ], when cement replacement with cockle shells was increased to 20%, the compressive strength was found to decrease by 50% and 46.9%, respectively. Zhong et al [ 54 ] observed that the filler effect can improve particle packing and refined pores, so the compressive strength of mortar increased when 5% oyster shell powder was used to replace cement.…”

“…This was further supported by many researchers. Abdelouahed et al [ 83 ] found that at an early stage (2 days), the mortar with 5% cockle shell exhibited the best compressive strength. Therefore, the percentage of cockle shells must be limited to 5% or less.…”

Investigation on the Properties of Mortar Containing Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Seashell Powder as Partial Cement Replacement

“…Generally, the seashells are some of those waste materials that are rapidly accumulating on seashores and landfills. China is the biggest shellfish producer, disposing of ten million tons of waste seashells around in the landfills every year [30]. The European Union has estimated the total output of 600,000 tons of shellfish waste only in 2012 [31].…”