Effect of Cobalt and Chromium Ions on the Chlorhexidine Digluconate as Seen by Intermolecular Diffusion

Abstract

Metal ions such as cobalt (II) and chromium (III) might be present in the oral cavity, as a consequence of the corrosion of Co-Cr dental alloys. The diffusion of such metal ions into the organism, carried by saliva, can cause health problems as a consequence of their toxicity, enhanced by a cumulative effect in the body. The effect of the chlorhexidine digluconate, which is commonly used in mouthwash formulations, on the transport of these salts is evaluated in this paper by using the Taylor dispersion technique, which will allow an assessment of how the presence of chlorhexidine digluconate (either in aqueous solution or in a commercial formulation) may affect the diffusion of metal ions. The ternary mutual diffusion coefficients of metal ions (Co and Cr) in the presence of chlorhexidine digluconate, in an artificial saliva media, were measured. Significant coupled diffusion of CoCl2 (and CrCl3) and chlorhexidine digluconate is observed by analysis of the non-zero values of the cross-diffusion coefficients, D12 and D21. The observed interactions between metal ions and chlorhexidine digluconate suggest that the latter might be considered as an advantageous therapeutic agent, once they contribute to the reduction of the concentration of those ions inside the mouth.

Transport Properties of Carbohydrates: Towards the Minimization Toxicological Risks of Cobalt and Chromium Ions

“…Co-Cr biomedical alloys are composed of approximately 60% and 30% of cobalt and chromium, respectively. These alloys have been the material of choice for fixed and removable dental prostheses, and are also used in orthodontic components [7,8]; although these oral devices are not implanted in the body, when located in the oral cavity, they are subject to corrosion phenomena and mechanical wear, with the release of the corresponding metallic ions in the oral environment [12][13][14][15].…”

“…With the high concern about chromium and cobalt [7,8,13,16], in this study, we intend to investigate the interaction between the following metal ions and saccharides frequently used in the pharmaceutical industry: cyclodextrins and hyaluronic acid. It should be stressed that metal salt solutions were used in previous studies of cytotoxicity of dental alloys, as reported elsewhere [17,18].…”

Diffusion of Vanadium Ions in Artificial Saliva and Its Elimination from the Oral Cavity by Pharmacological Compounds Present in Mouthwashes

“…The objective of this study was to analyze the diffusion behavior of vanadium in artificial saliva with and without fluoride, at different pH values, using an experimental model based on the Taylor dispersion technique [ 43 , 44 ]. Furthermore, having in mind the capacity of hyaluronic acid, SDS, and CDs to interact with biomolecules, we aim to evaluate if those pharmacological agents, present in mouthwashes, can interact with vanadium ions, facilitating its removal from the oral cavity during mouthwash.…”